Negative Illusions
Conceptual Clarification and Psychological Evidence concerning False Consciousness
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6338331 |
|---|---|
| Authors | John T Jost (0000-0002-2844-4645, Yale University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1995 |
| Volume | 16 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 397 |
| Publication date | 1995-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Political Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0162-895X • E-ISSN: 1467-9221 |
| Publisher | JSTOR (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.2307/3791837 |
| OpenAlex | W2072754823 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 101 |
| References cited | 78 |
The concept of false consciousness is reviewed from a historical perspective and discussed in light of recent theoretical advances in socialist and feminist political philosophy. False consciousness is defined as the holding of false beliefs that are contrary to one's social interest and which thereby contribute to the disadvantaged position of the self or the group. It is argued that considerable psychological evidence for false consciousness exists and that a thorough understanding of the phenomenon integrates several lines of research on the problem of political acquiescence. Six basic types of false consciousness are proposed: (1) Failure to perceive injustice and disadvantage, (2) Fatalism, (3) Justification of social roles, (4) False attribution of blame, (5) identification with the oppressor, and (6) Resistance to change. Because the concept of false consciousness is likely to arouse suspicion because of its Marxian origins, several theoretical and methodological objections to the scientific study of false consciousness are raised and addressed
Cognitive psychology · Consciousness · Illusion · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Political Philosophy and Ethics · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social Psychology
The psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology
Essentialism, Power, and the Representation of Social Categories
Social Justice
After Violence
When group representations serve social change
Vicarious Retribution
Objects Don’t Object
Justice for all, or just for me? More evidence of the importance of the self-other distinction in just-world beliefs
Social Dominance Orientation and Intergroup Bias
Sour Grapes, Sweet Lemons, and the Anticipatory Rationalization of the Status Quo
Fair Market Ideology
Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination
Why Wealthier People Think People Are Wealthier, and Why It Matters
Subjective Uncertainty and Intergroup Discrimination in the Minimal Group Situation
Constructing false consciousness
The Construction of Stereotypes within Social Psychology
Why Marx Left Philosophy for Social Science
Politics and “Applied Psychology”? Theoretical Concepts that Question the Disciplinary Community
Hegemony and Marxist Psychology
Ideology, False Consciousness and Psychology
The Superiority Delusion and Critical Consciousness
Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments
Self-subjugation among women
The Irony of Harmony
Performing Nationalism
Language and Social Psychology Approaches to Race, Racism, and Social Justice
Symbolic Exclusion and Historical Negation Regarding the Indigenous Mapuche People
Measuring neoliberal individualism, instrumentality, and competition
Let’s take back control
The Meaning and Consequences of Perceived Discrimination in Disadvantaged and Privileged Social Groups
Ask, Answer, and Announce
Rejoinder to Rubin, Owuamalam, Spears, and Caricati (2023)
Subjective Uncertainty Reduction through Self-categorization
Humanistic Attitudes, Values, System Justification, and Control Beliefs in a Turkish Sample
The Politics of Belonging
From Bihar to Lord’s Balcony
Students’ Perceptions of Racial Diversity and Inclusion in UK Universities
Agentic selves, agentic stories
Understanding Employment Discrimination
Consciousness and the Commons
The Ethics of College Students as Research Participants
Voice, Control, and Belonging
Promoting Critical Consciousness in Undergraduate Social Work Classrooms
The Interactive Effects of Social Dominance Orientation, Group Status, and Perceived Stability on Favoritism for High-Status Groups
Resistant versus Acquiescent Responses to Ingroup Inferiority as a Function of Social Dominance Orientation in the USA and Italy
Getting dirty
Assessing the Difference Critique of Deliberation
Understanding Values in Organizations
Guarding the gate’
A Social Psychological Perspective on Perceiving and Reporting Discrimination
Why do the poor oppose income redistribution? An empirical test on the impacts of nationalism and fatalism
An Experimental Replication of the Depressed-Entitlement Effect Among Women
Making Room for Many Feminisms
Qué? Quoi? Do Languages with Grammatical Gender Promote Sexist Attitudes
Consensual social dominance orientation and its correlates within the hierarchical structure of American society
Psychopolitical literacy for wellness and justice
Partisanship and the status quo
Teacher Education and the Enduring Significance of “False Empathy”
Class in Name Only
Class Notes
When “a Group in Itself” becomes “a Group for Itself”
Understanding the Relationship Between Egalitarianism and Affective Bias
Essentialism, Culture, and Power
System Justification in Authoritarian Regimes
The psychological advantage of unfalsifiability
Beyond dependence
Non-conscious forms of system justification
Underworked and Overpaid
Group-Based Dominance and Opposition to Equality as Independent Predictors of Self-Esteem, Ethnocentrism, and Social Policy Attitudes among African Americans and European Americans
Stereotype internalization and women’s math performance
A quarter century of system justification theory
Second Wave Positive Psychology
Social inequality and the reduction of ideological dissonance on behalf of the system
The making of ‘exam ronins
Go With the Flow or Fight the Power? The Interactive Effects of Social Dominance Orientation and Perceived Injustice on Support for the Status Quo
How Discrimination Impacts Sociopolitical Behavior
Ethnic Identity, Legitimizing Ideologies, and Social Status
Experiments as Politics
Perceived Discrimination and Political Behavior
Mobilizing precarious workers in Italy
When fiends become friends
To belong or not to belong, that is the question
Becoming Conscious of the American Middle Class (Un)consciousness
Discourse or reality
Psychological elitism
The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments
Experimental Research on Just-World Theory
Critical Mass for Affirmative Action
In the Eye of the Beholder
Political conservatism as motivated social cognition
Promover a Justiça Social
Toward a Multidimensional Understanding of Heterosexism
Class Sub-Conscious
False Consciousness Reconsidered
Color-Blind Racial Ideology and Psychological False Consciousness Among African Americans
Intergroup Biases as a Function of Reflected Status Appraisals and Support for Legitimizing Ideologies
Placating the Powerless
The role of self-evaluations in legitimizing social inequality
Profiles in Social Justice Research-Morton Deutsch
The Development of System Justification in the Developing World
Toward a feminist theory of the state
Human inference
Poor People's Movements
Critical social psychology
The Poly-Psy Relationship
The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice
The Belief in a Just World
From Social Inequality to Personal Entitlement
Unemployment, Relative Deprivation, and Social Protest
Social Cognition and Power
Status quo bias in decision making
Telling more than we can know
Political ideology
Class inequality and political order
The social construction of reality
Marxism 1844-1990
Justice and the Critique of Pure Psychology
Why People Obey the Law
The Chinese Indoctrination Program for Prisoners of War
From the German Ideology
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Who Believes in a Just World
The Dominant Ideology Thesis
The Psychology of Group Conflict and the Dynamics of Oppression
Domination and the Arts of Resistance
Black Feminist Thought
Karl Marx's Theory of History
The Personal/Group Discrimination Discrepancy
Ideology and Utopia
Identification with the Aggressor
Lessons from the history of social psychology
Ten years of research on the false-consensus effect
Epistemological debates, feminist voices
Meeting at the Crossroads
It Could Be Worse
Education and Causal Attributions
Reason, Ideology, and Politics
False Consciousness
Social change and intergroup preferences in New Zealand
Status differenttals and intergroup behaviour
On the meaning of the notion of conflict and its study in social psychology
Just world beliefs in an unjust society
The norm of internality in the explanation of psychological events
Social categorization and power differentials in group relations
The Structure of Marx's World View
Symbolic Racism
Learned Helplessness and Victimization
Ideology and the Interpretation of Personal Experience
Self‐Blame in Victims of Violence
Belief in a Just World and Reactions to Another's Lot
Whatever happened to the group in social psychology
People Like Us
Controlling other people
The totalitarian ego
Psychology as a means of promoting human welfare
Racial Self‐Identification
Political and Attributional Responses of the Young Short-Term Unemployed
Beliefs about Inequality
Social Class and Political Behavior during a Period of Economic Stagnation
Thinking about Social Injustice
Intolerable Grievances Patiently Endured
Sharing of home responsibilities between professionally employed women and their husbands
Gender stereotypes
A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects
Social roles, social control, and biases in social-perception processes
Relative deprivation theory and the Quebec nationalist movement
What's social about social psychology? Where's the person in personality research
Social judgeability
The meaning of difference
Women's Gender Consciousness
The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness
The case for motivated reasoning
Illusion and well-being
The decision to leave an abusive relationship
Contrasting Rational and Psychological Analyses of Political Choice
Black Consciousness and Political Participation
Can Marxism Explain America's Racism
| Unique citing works | 101 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,37 |
| Citation span | 1996 - 2026 (31) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 99 |