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White Racial Identity Attitude Theories

A Rose by Any Other Name is Still a Rose

Bibliographic Data

ID8097422
AuthorsCaryn J Block (Teachers College, Columbia University, corresponding author), Robert T Carter (0009-0008-7557-1568, Teachers College, Columbia University)
Year1996
Volume24
Issue2
Pages326-334
Publication date1996-04-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueThe Counseling Psychologist (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0011-0000 • E-ISSN: 1552-3861
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1177/0011000096242012
OpenAlexW2151485418
LanguageEN
Citations received4
References cited16

The purpose of this article is to examine the White racial consciousness model (Rowe, Bennettu & Atkinson, 1994)J which has been proposed as a superior conceptualization for understanding White racial attitudes than existing frameworks, specifically Helms's (1990) theory of White racial identity attitudes. Rowe et al. (1994) have argued for the superiority of the White racial consciousness model because it can "describe the phenomena more accurately, predict relationships better, and provide a more stable base for assessment" (p. 133) than Helms's White racial identity attitude theory. This article raises questions as to the validity of these claims. The White racial consciousness model is examined in terms of its similarities and differences to Helms's White racial identity attitude theory, focusing on the two theories in relation to their definition of core constructs, theoretical basis, and the existing empirical evidence

Aesthetics · Conceptualization · Consciousness · Identity (music · Race (biology · Racial formation theory · ROWE · Sociology · White (mutation · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Gender Studies · Social Psychology

  • At the Crossroads

    Open Access•Elizabeth E Parks, Robert T Carter et al.•Journal of Counseling & Development•1996

  • White Racial Identity and White Racial Consciousness

    Open Access•Mark M Leach, John T Behrens et al.•Journal of Multicultural…•2002

  • Predictors of Racial Prejudice in White American Counseling Students

    Open Access•Linda G Castillo, Collie W Conoley et al.•Journal of Multicultural…•2006

  • White Racial Identity

    Open Access•Wayne Rowe•Journal of Multicultural…•2006

  • A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

    Leon Festinger•A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance•1957

  • Relationship between White racial identity attitudes and self-reported multicultural counseling competencies.

    Thomas M Ottavi, Donald B Pope‐Davis et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•1994

  • Stages of Ethnic Identity Development in Minority Group Adolescents

    Open Access•Jean S Phinney•The Journal of Early Adolescence•1989

  • Toward a Theoretical Explanation of the Effects of Race on Counseling A Black and White Model

    Open Access•Janet E Helms•The Counseling Psychologist•1984

  • Helms's White Racial Identity Development (WRID) Theory

    Open Access•Charles E Thompson, Chalmer E Thompson•The Counseling Psychologist•1994

  • The Relationship Between Racism and Racial Identity Among White Americans

    Open Access•Donald B Pope‐davi, Donald B Pope‐Davis et al.•Journal of Counseling & Development•1994

  • The Relationship Between Racism and Racial ldentity Among White Americans

    Open Access•Robert T Carter•Journal of Counseling & Development•1990

  • White Racial Identity Models

    Open Access•Wayne Rowe, Sandra K Bennett et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•1994

  • Assessing White Racial Consciousness and Perceived Comfort with Black Individuals

    Open Access•DAWN CLANEY, Woodrow M Parker•Journal of Counseling & Development•1989

  • Content and Construct Validity of the White Racial Identity Attitude Scale

    Open Access•Jane L Swanson, David M Tokar et al.•Journal of Vocational Behavior•1994

Unique citing works4
Citations per year0,13
Citation span1996 - 2006 (11)
Citation velocityhistorical
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 4

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