The Social Embeddedness of Crime and Unemployment
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9680908 |
|---|---|
| Authors | J Hagan (0000-0002-4262-9822, University of Toronto, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1993 |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 465-491 |
| Publication date | 1993-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Criminology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0011-1384 • E-ISSN: 1745-9125 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1993.tb01138.x |
| OpenAlex | W2083279912 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 111 |
| References cited | 33 |
A missing piece in the literature that links crime and unemployment is an understanding of the proximate causes of joblessness in the lives of individuals. Granovetter has demonstrated with his concept of social embeddedness that early employment contacts can enhance the prospects of getting a job and subsequent occupational mobility. The alternative implication is that youths who are embedded in criminal contexts can become isolated from the likelihood of legitimate adult employment. This has important implications for an understanding of crime and unemployment, for while much of past macro‐level research confirms that unemployment leads to crime in the aggregate, the reverse is likely true at the individual level among adolescents and young adults, especially in community settings with serious crime and unemployment problems. The implications of criminal embeddedness are explored in a well‐known set of London panel data. Understanding the process of embeddedness is important because it helps to identify points of intervention, such as peer and justice system contacts
Criminal justice · Criminology · Demographic economics · Economic growth · Economics · Embeddedness · Intervention (counseling · Labour economics · Set (abstract data type · Social science · Sociology · Unemployment · Youth unemployment · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance · Homelessness and Social Issues · Psychology
Economia e crime
Changes in the Structure of Life Courses and the Decline of Social Capital in Canadian Society
Barriers to Prisoners' Reentry into the Labor Market and the Social Costs of Recidivism
Mass Imprisonment and Economic Inequality
Too Cool for School? Violence, Peer Status and High School Dropout
Orange-Collar Labor
The Impact of Imprisonment on Marriage and Divorce
Cumulative Prevalence of Arrest From Ages 8 to 23 in a National Sample
Continuity and Change in Gang Membership and Gang Embeddedness
The Effect of Incarceration on Marriage and Work Over the Life Course
Self-Control and Deviant Peer Network Structure
On the Relationship between Co-Offending Network Redundancy and Offending Versatility
What Do We Know About Gangs and Gang Members and Where Do We Go From Here?
Crime and the Business Cycle in Post-War Britain Revisited
Race and Crime
Family acceptance, economic situation, and faith community
The Residue of Imprisonment
Counselling approaches to support former gang members in constructing new careers
Multivariate Analysis of Public Attitudes Toward Ex-offenders in a Non-Western Context
Labor market returns to a prison GED
Prison Visitation and the Likelihood of Post-Release Employment
Impact of petroleum development on lethal violence
A Life-Course Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage and the Stability of Delinquency
Key Results from the First Forty Years of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development
After Crime and Punishment
The Weak Effect of Imprisonment on Crime
Ballot Manipulation and the 'Menace of Negro Domination
Official Labeling, Criminal Embeddedness, and Subsequent Delinquency
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
Neighborhood Disadvantage, Individual Economic Distress and Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationships
The Long View of Crime
The Labor Market Consequences of Incarceration
Piracy and Crime Embeddedness
Whatever Happened to Yesterday's Rebels? Longitudinal Effects of Youth Delinquency on Education and Employment
Multilingual Communication, Social Identity, and Deviant Behavior
The Effects of Criminal Embeddedness on School Violence in Brazil
Social support as an organizing concept for criminology
Incarceration and Stratification
Crime and Work
Any of them will do
The Job Compact and Crime
Jail Incarceration
I’m Not a Number, I’m a Human Being
Effect of Electronic Monitoring on Social Welfare Dependence
Variations in the spatial distribution of crime events in an urban environment during the Covid-19 lockdown
Structure, Context, and Agency in the Reproduction of Black-on-Black Violence
Disengagement From Gangs as Role Transitions
Violence in the Transition to Adulthood
An Experiment in the Making
Working around the Law
Criminal Punishment, Labor Market Outcomes, and Economic Inequality
The Declining Significance of Delinquent Labels in Disadvantaged Urban Communities 1
Reading for Life and Adolescent Re‐Arrest
Making Ends Meet After Prison
Entrepreneurship as a Response to Labor Market Discrimination for Formerly Incarcerated People
Efectos contrarios del capital social
Relationship education among incarcerated populations
Prevalence of frequent cocaine use in urban poverty areas
A Critical Perspective on Drug Selling in the United States
Daytime Locations in Spatial Mismatch
Incarceration and Household Asset Ownership
Explanatory Pluralism and Complementarity
Paternal Incarceration and Children’s Food Insecurity
Did Falling Wages and Employment Increase U.S. Imprisonment
Do inequality, unemployment and deterrence affect crime over the long run
Predictors of violence and delinquency among high risk youth and youth gang members in San Salvador, El Salvador
Family Deviance and Delinquency in China
The ties that bribe
Emancipation and Hope
The Black Family and Mass Incarceration
Incarceration, Social Capital, and Crime
The Context of Marriage and Crime
Imprisonment Length and Post‐prison Employment Prospects
Tough Love? Crime and Parental Assistance in Young Adulthood
Does gang membership pay? Illegal and legal earnings through emerging adulthood
Racial Discrimination, Racial Socialization, and Crime Over Time
Reconsidering the Relationship Between Ses and Delinquency
The Timing and Mechanisms of the Offending‐depression Link
Selection, stability, and spuriousness
Criminal Group Embeddedness and the Adverse Effects of Arresting a Gang's Leader
The Effects of Employment on Longitudinal Trajectories of Offending
Class, Gender, and Arrest
How and Why Does Work Matter? Employment Conditions, Routine Activities, and Crime Among Adult Male Offenders
Escaping the Family Tradition
Exploring the Impact of Arson-Reduction Strategies
Comer’s School Development Program in Chicago
Mass Imprisonment and the Life Course
Making Money
The Long Arm of the Law
Social Control, Delinquency, and Youth Status Achievement
The Meaning of Work
Poverty, Delinquency, and Educational Attainment
Anticipated Stigma and Defensive Individualism During Postincarceration Job Searching
The Varying Effects of Incarceration, Conviction, and Arrest on Wealth Outcomes among Young Adults
The Impact of Incarceration on Employment during the Transition to Adulthood
Race, Criminal Justice Contact, and Adult Position in the Social Stratification System
Compounded Disadvantage
The state of the Economy and the Relationship Between prisoner Reentry and Crime
Crime, Race, and the Transition to Marriage
The Socioeconomic Determinants of Ill-Gotten Gains
Juvenile delinquency
Getting a Job
Streetwise
Socioeconomic background and achievement
Going down to the barrio
Delinquents and Nondelinquents in Perspective
A General Theory of Crime
The Sociology of Economic Life
Economic Action and Social Structure
Race, Poverty, and The American Occupational Structure
Criminal Career Research
On the Relationship of Past to Future Participation in Delinquency
How Early Can We Tell
Unemployment, School Leaving, and Crime
Structural Covariates of Homicide Rates
Sociological Methodology 1972
The American occupational structure
The Institute for Social Research at 100
Destiny and Drift
Unemployment and Crime Rates in the Post-World War II United States
Studying Inner-City Social Dislocations
Sex and Theories of Deviance
Race, Family Structure, and Delinquency
Unemployment and Criminal Involvement
Rates of Crime and Unemployment
The Social Reproduction of a Criminal Class in Working-Class London, Circa 1950-1980
Urban Black Violence
Family Structure and the Reproduction of Poverty
| Unique citing works | 111 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,47 |
| Citation span | 1994 - 2026 (33) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 106 |