The swerve
How childhood bilingualism changed from liability to benefit
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 9786656 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ellen Bialystok (0000-0001-9844-2082, corresponding author), Kornelia Hawrylewicz (0000-0003-3981-4178), John G Grundy (0000-0002-2553-3976), Ashley Chung-Fat-Yim (0000-0002-6905-8302) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 58 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Pages | 1429-1440 |
| Publication date | 2022-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Developmental Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0012-1649 • E-ISSN: 1939-0599 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/dev0001376 |
| PMID | 35467916 |
| OpenAlex | W4224937758 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 12 |
| References cited | 17 |
Early research that relied on standardized assessments of intelligence reported negative effects of bilingualism for children, but a study by Peal and Lambert (1962) reported better performance by bilingual than monolingual children on verbal and nonverbal intelligence tests. This outcome led to the view that bilingualism was a positive experience. However, subsequent research abandoned intelligence tests as the assessment tool and evaluated performance on cognitive tasks, making the research after Peal and Lambert qualitatively different from that before their landmark study, creating a disconnect between the new and earlier research. These newer cognitive studies showed both positive effects of bilingualism and no differences between language groups. But why were Peal and Lambert's results so different from previous studies that were also based on intelligence tests? The present study analyzed data from verbal and nonverbal intelligence tests that were collected from 6,077 participants across 79 studies in which intelligence tests were administered as background measures to various cognitive tasks. By including adults, the study extends the results across the life span. On standardized verbal tests, monolinguals outperformed bilinguals, but on nonverbal measures of intelligence, there were no differences between language groups. These results, which are different from those reported by Peal and Lambert, are used to reinterpret their findings in terms of the sociolinguistic, political, and cultural context in which the Peal and Lambert study was conducted and the relevance of those factors for all developmental research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Cognition · Cognitive development · Context (archaeology · Developmental psychology · Intelligence quotient · Mathematics education · Multilingualism · Neuroscience of multilingualism · Nonverbal communication · Pedagogy · PsycINFO · Standardized test · Verbal reasoning · Cognitive Abilities and Testing · Language Development and Disorders · Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism · Psychology
Bilingualism and Executive Function
Language experience influences performance on the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery
Longitudinal Examination of Potential Bilingual Advantage Effects for Selective Attention and Cognitive Functioning in Young Children
Multilingualism and mentalizing abilities in adults
Are Bilinguals More Creative Than Monolinguals? A Meta‐Analysis
Development of derivational morphological knowledge in monolingual and bilingual children
Bilingual children outperform monolingual children on executive function tasks far more often than chance
Investigating the “bilingual edge”
Praxis of Grief, Joy, and Healing
The swerve
The relationships between balanced-bilingual proficiency, executive function, and rational thinking
Selective attention in cognitive processing revisited
Balanced bilingualism and early age of second language acquisition as the underlying mechanisms of a bilingual executive control advantage
Bilingual experience and resting-state brain connectivity
Intelligence, creativity, and cognitive control
Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia
The language and social background questionnaire
Not All Executive Functions Are Related to Intelligence
Meta-Analysis Reveals a Bilingual Advantage That Is Dependent on Task and Age
Delaying the onset of Alzheimer disease
The cognitive development of young dual language learners
Is bilingualism associated with enhanced executive functioning in adults? A meta-analytic review
Active Bilingualism in Aging
E. G. Boring's Review of Brigham's A Study of American Intelligence
The swerve
Receptive vocabulary differences in monolingual and bilingual children
The bilingual adaptation
Working Memory and Intelligence
| Unique citing works | 12 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3 |
| Citation span | 2022 - 2026 (5) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 12 |