Herbert C Kelman
Biographic Data
| ID | 75185 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Herbert C Kelman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Herbert C |
| FAMILY NAME | Kelman |
| SIGNATURE | KELMAN H C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University Press |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6778-8566 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 114 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1559 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 113 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1950 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 17 |
A responsible psychologist is a responsible citizen
This paper is based on a talk presented at a conference on “The Socially Responsible Psychologist – A Symposium in Honor of M. Brewster Smith,” held at the University of California, Santa Cruz, on April 16, 1988 on the occasion of Brewster Smith's retirement. It was slated to be published in a Festschrift for Brewster, but the volume did not materialize. Brewster passed away on August 4, 2012. As the centennial of his birth on June 26, 2019 appro…
Resolving Deep-Rooted Conflicts
Israelis and Palestinians
To start serious negotiations toward a two-state solution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict requires at least some degree of mutual acceptance of the other. This chapter discusses the barriers to mutual acceptance, the meaning of acceptance by the other to each side, and the psychological conditions that might be conducive to mutual acceptance. It concludes with suggestions of how these conditions might be created through direct, totally unoffi…
Transforming the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict: From Mutual Negation to Reconciliation
Transforming the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Mutual Negation to Reconciliation
This book is a collection of essential essays on resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by eminent social psychologist Herbert C. Kelman. Few experts or practitioners know the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as Kelman, and for over forty years he has conducted interactive problem-solving workshops at Harvard University and elsewhere, engaging more than one hundred Israeli, Arab and Palestinian political activists, journalists and intelle…
The Role of National Identity in Conflict Resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian Problem-Solving Workshops (2001)
Herbert C. Kelman: A Pioneer in the Social Psychology of Conflict Analysis and Resolution
This edited volume presents selected papers capturing Herbert Kelman’s unique and seminal contributions to the social psychology of conflict analysis and resolution, with a special emphasis on the uti
The Development of Interactive Problem Solving: In John Burton's Footsteps
A One-Country/ Two-State Solution To the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Looking back at my work on conflict resolution in the Middle East
This autobiographical article traces the author's work on the resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict back to his childhood experiences in Nazi-ruled Austria. It proceeds to describe his early participation in the American civil rights and antiwar movements; his choice of social psychology as his field of study because of its potential relevance to issues of peace, justice, and social change; and his role—as a social psychologist—in the be…
Interactive problem solving: Changing political culture in the pursuit of conflict resolution
Interactive problem solving is an unofficial, third-party approach to the resolution of international and intercommunal conflicts, derived from the work of John Burton and anchored in social-psychological principles. The article presents the approach as a specially constructed microprocess, best exemplified by problem-solving workshops with unofficial representatives of the conflicting parties, designed to produce changes in the macroprocess of c…
A social-psychological approach to conflict analysis and resolution
Conflict images, national narratives, and external realities
Evaluating the contributions of interactive problem solving to the resolution of ethnonational conflicts
Interactive problem solving is a form of unofficial diplomacy, centering on problem-solving workshops and related activities with political elites in conflicting societies. Its dual purpose is producing changes in individual participants that are transferred to the policy process. The most relevant criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of interactive problem solving is its contribution to changes in the political cultures of the parties that…
The Israeli-Palestinian peace process and its vicissitudes: Insights from attitude theory.
The vicissitudes of the Israeli-Palestinian peace process since 1967 are analyzed using attitudes and related concepts where relevant. The 1967 war returned the two peoples' zero-sum conflict around national identity to its origin as a conflict within the land both peoples claim. Gradually, new attitudes evolved regarding the necessity and possibility of negotiations toward a two-state solution based on mutual recognition, which became the buildi…
I sraeli ‐P alestinian P eace: I nching T oward A nd L ooking B eyond N egotiations
The Role of an International Facilitating Service for Conflict Resolution
The large numbers of deadly conflicts between ethnic and other identity groups around the world call for more extensive and systematic applications of interactive problem-solving methods of conflict resolution. This article urges the conflict-resolution community to explore the necessity, value, and feasibility of establishing a new international and largely non-governmental organization or consortium devoted to monitoring such conflicts as they …
Interests, Relationships, Identities: Three Central Issues for Individuals and Groups in Negotiating Their Social Environment
This chapter begins with a summary of a model, developed half a century ago, that distinguishes three qualitatively different processes of social influence: compliance, identification, and internalization. The model, originally geared to and experimentally tested in the context of persuasive communication, was subsequently applied to influence in the context of long-term relationships, including psychotherapy, international exchanges, and the soc…
The policy context of torture: A social-psychoioqical analysis
Acts of torture are conceptualized as crimes of obedience, which are inevitably linked to crimes at higher levels of the hierarchy, where orders are issued, policy is formulated, and the atmosphere conducive to acts of torture is created. The present analysis suggests several conditions under which torture becomes an instrument of State policy and the authority structure of the State is fully utilized to implement that policy: the perception by S…
The Psychological Impact of the Sadat Visit on Israeli Society
Building trust among enemies: The central challenge for international conflict resolution
Reconciliation as Identity Change: A Social-Psychological Perspective
In appreciation of Ralph White—Valued friend and colleague for the last 50 years
These comments offer my appreciation of Ralph White's many contributions to the field of peace research, as well as some personal reminiscences drawing on our friendship and professional association over the past 50 years
The Role of National Identity in Conflict Resolution: Experiences from Israeli-Palestinian Problem-Solving Workshops
My colleagues’ and my work as scholar-practitioners has focused on analysis and resolution of protracted, seemingly intractable conflicts between national, ethnic, or other kinds of identity groups, best exemplified by intercommunal conflicts, such as those in Cyprus, Northern Ireland, Sri Lanka, Bosnia, and apartheid South Africa. My own most intensive and extensive experience, over the past quarter-century, has been with the Israeli-Palestinian…
The Role of the Scholar-Practitioner in International Conflict Resolution
Can unofficial, academically based, third-party approaches contribute to the prevention and resolution of international and intercommunal conflicts? The article focuses on one such approach, interactive problem solving, which the author has applied primarily in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. After describing the central tool of the approach, the problem-solving workshop, the article goes on to address the role of interactive problem solving an…
Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
1 An earlier draft of this paper was written while the author was with the Laboratory of Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health, and was read at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Chicago on August 30, 1956. The experiment reported here was conducted while the author was at Johns Hopkins University as a Public Health Service Research Fellow of the National Institute of Mental Health. Additional financial supp…
Processes of Opinion Change
A persistent concern in the analysis of public opinion data is the that one can ascribe to the observed distributions and trends—and to the positions taken by particular individuals and segments of the population. In a certain sense, the need for more detailed information about opinions be met by improvements and refinements in the methodology of opinion assessment. But, no matter how refined the techniques, they do not provide direct information…
The Interdependence of Israeli and Palestinian National Identities: The Role of the Other in Existential Conflicts
The interactions between identity groups engaged in a protracted conflict lack the conditions postulated by Gordon Allport in The Nature of Prejudice (1954) as necessary if contact is to reduce intergroup prejudice. The article examines the Israeli-Palestinian conflict from this perspective. After summarizing the history of the conflict, it proposes that a long-term resolution of the conflict requires development of a transcendent identity for th…
International behavior: A Social-Psychological Analysis
The Political Psychology of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: How Can We Overcome the Barriers to a Negotiated Solution
Six political-psychological assumptions are presented as the basis for this paper's argument that direct Israeli-Palestinian negotiations are necessary and possible and for its delineation of the requirements of such negotiations. The last of these assumptionsthat neither party will enter negotiations that leave its right to national existence in doubtis linked to the psychological core of the conflict: its perception by the parties as a zero-sum…
Attitudes are alive and well and gainfully employed in the sphere of action
The rights of the subject in social research: An analysis in terms of relative power and legitimacy
On the nature of national involvement: A Preliminary Study
Peer Reviewed
Human use of human subjects: The problem of deception in social psychological experiments
THOUGH THERE IS OFTEN GOOD REASON FOR DECEIVING SS IN SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS, WIDESPREAD USE OF SUCH PROCEDURES HAS SERIOUS (1) ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS, INVOLVING NOT ONLY THE POSSIBILITY OF HARM TO S, BUT ALSO THE QUALITY OF THE E-S RELATIONSHIP; (2) METHODOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS, RELATING TO
Creating the Conditions for Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations
The article conceptualizes a prenegotiation process, designed to create the political and psychological conditions for beginning Israeli-Palestinian negotiations toward a mutually satisfactory settlement, conducive to stable peace and reconciliation. The goal is direct negotiation of a win-win formula for sharing the land, within a framework utilizing the legitimacy achieved by each side. To mobilize existing incentives for such negotiations (des…
An interactional approach to conflict resolution and its application to Israeli‐Palestinian relations 1
Attitude Change as a Function of Response Restriction
"Reinstatement" of the communicator in delayed measurement of opinion change
Group processes in the resolution of international conflicts: Experiences from the Israeli–Palestinian case
Changing Attitudes Through International Activities 1
Building trust among enemies: The central challenge for international conflict resolution
A Time to Speak: On Human Values and Social Research
The Problem-Solving Workshop: A Social-Psychological Contribution to the Resolution of International Conflicts
In recent years there have been a number of efforts to develop new approaches to the resolution of international conflict, based on a social-psychological model and involving direct, unofficial communications under thirdparty auspices. The present paper discusses one such approach, consisting of problemsolving workshops in which representatives of conflicting national groups are brought together for face-to-face communication in a relatively isol…
Negotiation as Interactive Problem Solving
Peace mediation is a professional practice that is increasingly reliant on thematic technical experts, including gender experts. The strategy of including gender expertise in peace mediation reflects the Women, Peace and Security agenda and the call to include dedicated gender expertise in all peacemaking efforts. Based on interviews with peace mediation practitioners, the article analyzes the role of gender experts in peace mediation. We argue t…
Acknowledging the Other's Nationhood: How to Create a Momentum for the Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations
Evaluating the contributions of interactive problem solving to the resolution of ethnonational conflicts
Interactive problem solving is a form of unofficial diplomacy, centering on problem-solving workshops and related activities with political elites in conflicting societies. Its dual purpose is producing changes in individual participants that are transferred to the policy process. The most relevant criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of interactive problem solving is its contribution to changes in the political cultures of the parties that…
Promoting Joint Thinking in International Conflicts: An Israeli‐Palestinian Continuing Workshop
This article reviews the development of interactive problem solving as an unofficial approach to the resolution of international conflicts, especially as we have applied it to the Israeli‐Palestinian conflict. The article describes the concept of the continuing workshop, which represents our latest attempt to maximize the political impact of interactive problem solving. After presenting the goals, terms of reference, and ground rules of such work…
Reflections on the History and Status of Peace Research
Evolving Intergroup Techniques for Conflict Resolution: An Israeli‐Palestinian Pilot Workshop
The problem‐solving workshop is an approach to international conflict resolution based on intervention at the intergroup level and designed to provide inputs into policy processes. The pilot workshop described there included Israeli and Palestinian participants, meeting with a team of social scientists who served as a third party. Some of the features of the workshop included use of separate preworkshop sessions with each party to focus on intern…
Attitude toward the communicator, perception of communication content, and attitude change
Group dynamics—neither Hope nor Hoax
Effects of success and failure on "suggestibility" in the autokinetic situation
Pacifists vs. Psychologists
In recent months American psychologists have shown increasing concern over how they might most effectively contribute to national welfare in this time of emergency. An excellent example of this concern is Dael Wolfle's Annual report (Amer. Psychologist, 1950, 5, 634-637). This report, together with most similar discussions of psychology's role in emergency, is concerned mainly with the best overall utilization of nation's psychologists. We would …
Two Phases of Behavior Change
Group Therapy, Group Work, and Adult Education: The Need For Clarification
Attitude Change as a Function of Response Restriction
"Reinstatement" of the communicator in delayed measurement of opinion change
Comfort, Effectiveness, and Self-Awareness as Criteria of Improvement in Psychotherapy
Since improvement under psychotherapy is not a unitary phenomenon, progress in studying the effectiveness of psychotherapy depends on the use of carefully defined and generally agreed upon criteria of improvement. In the present state of knowledge such criteria must be based on value judgments by the patient, and by persons with whom he interacts. It is suggested that the criteria comfort and effectiveness represent these values. Means of measuri…
Societal, Attitudinal and Structural Factors in International Relations 1
Public and Private Opinions
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE OPINIONS Herbert C. Kelman, Herbert C. Kelman Chairman National Institute of Mental Health Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. W. Getzels, J. W. Getzels Speaker University of Chicago, “The Method of Paired Direct and Projective Questionnaires in the Study of Public and Private Attitudes: A Report of Some Experiments.” Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Schola…
Interrelations among three criteria of improvement in group therapy: Comfort, effectiveness, and self-awareness
Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
1 An earlier draft of this paper was written while the author was with the Laboratory of Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health, and was read at the annual meeting of the American Psychological Association in Chicago on August 30, 1956. The experiment reported here was conducted while the author was at Johns Hopkins University as a Public Health Service Research Fellow of the National Institute of Mental Health. Additional financial supp…
Apprehension and Academic Freedom
Journal Article Apprehension and Academic Freedom Get access HERBERT C. KELMAN HERBERT C. KELMAN The author is a memeber of the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 23, Issue 2, SUMMER 1959, Pages 181–188, https://doi.org/10.1086/266863 Published: 01 January 1959
Processes of Opinion Change
A persistent concern in the analysis of public opinion data is the that one can ascribe to the observed distributions and trends—and to the positions taken by particular individuals and segments of the population. In a certain sense, the need for more detailed information about opinions be met by improvements and refinements in the methodology of opinion assessment. But, no matter how refined the techniques, they do not provide direct information…
The Effects of a Year's Experience in America on the Self‐Image of Scandinavians: A Preliminary Analysis of Reactions to a New Environment 1
Changing Attitudes Through International Activities 1
Effects of cross-cultural experience on national images: A study of Scandinavian students in America1
Experience in a foreign country exposes an individual to a variety of influences that may challenge his existing attitudes and values.He is confronted with new cultural patterns and solutions to life problems; he is expected to take on new roles and experiment with new forms of behavior; he inter- acts with different people and becomes in- volved in new groups; he is faced with challenges to some of his preconceptions; and he is able to observe h…
The Reactions of Participants in a Foreign Specialists Seminar to Their American Experience
The F scale as a measure of breadth of perspective
International cooperation in psychological research
Other: Attitudes and Social Relations of Foreign Students in the United Stales . C laire S elltiz , J une R. C hrist , J oan H avel , and S tuart W. C ook
International behavior: A Social-Psychological Analysis
The Social Consequences of Social Research: A New Social Issue
Manipulation of Human Behavior: An Ethical Dilemma for the Social Scientist
Attitude toward the communicator, perception of communication content, and attitude change
Psychology (76 works) · Sociology (72 works) · Political science (69 works) · Law (48 works) · Computer Science (46 works) · Social Psychology (44 works) · Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies (37 works) · Law (35 works) · Social Psychology (29 works) · Conflict resolution (24 works)