Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

From Ferraro to Palin

Sexism in coverage of vice presidential candidates in old and new media

Bibliographic Data

ID13038947
AuthorsMeredith Conroy (0000-0003-4006-2612, California State University, San Bernardino, corresponding author), Sarah Oliver (0000-0002-6404-2723, University of California, Santa Barbara), Ian Breckenridge-Jackson (University of California, Riverside), Caroline Heldman (Occidental College)
Year2015
Volume3
Issue4
Pages573-591
Publication date2015-06-02
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenuePolitics Groups and Identities (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2156-5503 • E-ISSN: 2156-5511
PublisherTaylor & Francis (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1080/21565503.2015.1050412
OpenAlexW1483880155
LanguageEN
Citations received36
References cited49

An analysis of news coverage of vice presidential candidates finds the previously observed media biases for women who run for other political positions to be present for women vice presidential nominees, and especially in the arena of new media, where editorial filters are mostly absent. Using content analysis of major print news and online blogs, we find sex inequalities in coverage tone, type, and hard sexism (overtly gendered insults). Coverage of female vice presidential candidates is more negative, more focused on her appearance and familial role, and more sexist, than coverage of male vice presidential candidates. Furthermore, we find that negative tone and hard sexism are more pronounced in the online blogosphere. The implication for women, especially for those with presidential ambitions, is that known media hostility may be a deterrent, and further stimulates the chronic underrepresentation of women in our governing institutions

Hostility · Political science · Politics · Presidential campaign · Presidential system · Tone (literature · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Gender Politics and Representation · Gender Roles and Identity Studies · Law · Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Gendering in the electoral run

    Open Access•Joke D’heer, Sara De Vuyst et al.•Journalism•2021

  • Gender Differences in Political Media Coverage

    Open Access•Daphne Van Der Pas, Loes Aaldering•Journal of Communication•2020

  • Negative Media Frames and Female Politicians

    Open Access•Tracy-Ann Johnson-Myers•Social Politics International…•2019

  • Media bias and electoral discourse

    Open Access•Mar Castillo-Campos, David Becerra‐Alonso et al.•Revista ICONO14•2025

  • Women Voices in Inter-Party Debates during the 2021 Ethiopian General Elections

    Open Access•Seblewongiel Ayenalem Kidanie•African Journal of Political…•2025

  • The “populist imbecile” versus the “heartless shrew”

    Open Access•H Denis Wu, Shuling Huang et al.•Newspaper Research Journal•2023

  • What is she wearing and how does he lead

    Open Access•Aronté Marie Bennett, Rachel Connor et al.•Technological Forecasting and…•2024

  • Trump, Clinton, and the Gendering of Newspaper Discourse About the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election Debates

    Emily Harmer, Heather Savigny et al.•Women s Studies in Communication•2021

  • Gender Stereotypes and Election Coverage in South Korea

    Open Access•Tiffany D Barnes, Tiffany D Barnes Tiffany D Barnes et al.•The Review of Korean Studies•2016

  • Beyond Neutrality

    Open Access•Aliya Andrich•The International Journal of…•2025

  • Identity, Social Media and Politics

    Open Access•Leysan Storie, Sarah Marschlich•The International Journal of…•2022

  • Media Coverage of Female Candidates’ Traits in the 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary

    Erin C Cassese, Meredith Conroy et al.•Women & Politics•2021

  • Negative Effects of Calling Attention to Female Political Candidates’ Attractiveness

    Mary-Kate Lizotte, Heather J Meggers-Wright•Journal of Political Marketing•2018

  • Do Voters Support a Female President? Evidence from a List Experiment

    Open Access•Semra Sevi, Can Mekik•American Politics Research•2025

  • Encuadres noticiosos sobre primeras damas

    Open Access•Edrei Álvarez-Monsiváis•El Profesional de la Informacion•2020

  • Feminism as a polarizing axis of the political conversation on Twitter

    Open Access•Patricia Durántez-Stolle, Raquel Martínez-Sanz et al.•El Profesional de la Informacion•2023

  • She Looks Like She’d Be a Filthy Pig in Bed

    Open Access•Charo Lacalle, Beatriz Gόmez et al.•Violence Against Women•2025

  • Combining Natural Language Processing and Statistical Methods to Assess Gender Gaps in the Mediated Personalization of Politics

    Open Access•Emanuele Brugnoli, Rosaria Simone et al.•Social Science Computer Review•2024

  • Do European media ignore female politicians? A comparative analysis of MP visibility

    Open Access•Daphne Van Der Pas, Daphne J Van Der Pas•West European Politics•2021

  • Not (wo)man enough? Representations of gender stereotypes in political comedy coverage of presidential candidates

    Caroline Victoria Leicht•European Journal of Politics and…•2024

  • The influence of candidate traits on vice presidential nominee preference

    Open Access•Emma Schroeder, Alejandra Campos Carrasco•Politics Groups and Identities•2025

  • Gender, race, and political ambition

    Mirya R Holman, Monica C Schneider•Politics Groups and Identities•2016

  • Sanna, Aren't You Ashamed?’ Affective‐discursive practices in online misogynist discourse of Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin

    Open Access•Inari Sakki, J Martikainen•European Journal of Social…•2022

  • Black, immigrant, or woman? The implicit influence of Kamala Harris’ vice presidential nomination on support for Biden in 2020

    Open Access•A Filindra, E J Fagan•Social Science Quarterly•2022

  • Advocacy campaigns and gender bias in media coverage of elections

    Open Access•Theresa Gessler, Fabrizio Gilardi et al.•Political Science Research and…•2025

  • Selling them Short? Differences in News Coverage of Female and Male Candidate Qualifications

    Open Access•Nichole M Bauer, Tatum Taylor•Political Research Quarterly•2023

  • Powerful in pearls and Willie Brown’s mistress

    Meg Heckman, Rahul Bhargava et al.•Feminist Media Studies•2025

  • Gender stereotypes in print and online media coverage of Slovak presidential candidates in 2009 and 2019

    Open Access•Mária Žuffová•European Political Science Review•2023

  • Gender, Sex, and the Role of Stereotypes in Evaluations of Hillary Clinton and the 2016 Presidential Candidates

    Meredith Conroy, Danielle Joesten Martins et al.•Women & Politics•2020

  • Yellin’ at Yellen

    James Bisbee, Nicolò Fraccaroli et al.•The Journal of Politics•2025

  • The Rise of Women Vice-Presidential Candidates in Latin America

    Open Access•Adrián Pignataro•Politics & Gender•2025

  • Media Discrimination and Gender Differences in Political Ambition in a Laboratory Experiment

    Open Access•Amanda Haraldsson•Political Research Quarterly•2022

  • Female Politicians as Climate Fools

    Open Access•Katarina Pettersson, Jari Martikainen et al.•Political Psychology•2023

  • Is Sexism for White People? Gender Stereotypes, Race, and the 2016 Presidential Election

    Open Access•Ana Bracic, Mackenzie Israel-Trummel et al.•Political Behavior•2019

  • Symbols of priority? How the media selectively report on parties’ election campaigns

    Open Access•Zachary David Greene, Zachary Greene et al.•European Journal of Political…•2018

  • Assessing Differences in the Framing of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump During the 2016 Presidential Election

    Open Access•Eliana Dubosar•Society•2022

  • The American Vice Presidency Reconsidered

    Jody C Baumgartner•The American Vice Presidency…•2006

  • New Media and American Politics

    Richard Davis, Diana Owens et al.•New media and American politics•1998

  • Information and American Democracy

    Open Access•Bruce Bimber•Information and American Democracy•2003

  • He Runs, She Runs

    Open Access•Deborah Jordan Brooks•He Runs, She Runs•2013

  • Have You Come a Long Way, Baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Sexism in 2008 Campaign Coverage

    Open Access•Diana B Carlin, Kelly L Winfrey•Communication Studies•2009

  • Which Technology and Which Democracy?

    Benjamin R Barber•Democracy and New Media•2003

  • Does Gender Make a Difference? An Experimental Examination of Sex Stereotypes and Press Patterns in Statewide Campaigns

    Kim Fridkin Kahn•American Journal of Political…•1994

  • It Still Takes A Candidate

    Open Access•Jennifer L Lawle, Jennifer L Lawless et al.•It Still Takes a Candidate•2010

  • Women, War, and Winning Elections

    Open Access•Jennifer L Lawle, Jennifer L Lawless•Political Research Quarterly•2004

  • Women, War, and Winning Elections

    Jennifer L Lawle, Jennifer L Lawless•Political Research Quarterly•2004

  • Rhetoric, Representation, and Display

    Elaine Ramsey, E Michele Ramsey•Rhetoric and Public Affairs•2011

  • A Slightly New Shade of Lipstick”

    Cindy Burke, Sharon R Mazzarella•Women s Studies in Communication•2008

  • The presidency and the political system

    Open Access•Thomas A Karel•Government Information Quarterly•1984

  • Sexualizing Sarah Palin

    Open Access•Caroline Heldman, L Wade•Sex Roles•2011

  • Cheney

    Donald A Ritchie•The Oral History Review•2008

  • Vice Presidents, Presidential Elections, and the Media

    Open Access•Jody C Baumgartner•Political Science Quarterly•2014

  • American Roulette

    Robert Seager Ii, Robert Seager et al.•Journal of American History•1966

  • From women to objects

    Open Access•Nathan A Heflick, Jamie L Goldenberg et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2010

  • Objectifying Sarah Palin

    Open Access•Nathan A Heflick, Jamie L Goldenberg•Journal of Experimental Social…•2009

  • Does Being Male Help? An Investigation of the Effects of Candidate Gender and Campaign Coverage on Evaluations of U.S. Senate Candidates

    Kim Fridkin Kahn•The Journal of Politics•1992

  • The Distorted Mirror

    Kim Fridkin Kahn•The Journal of Politics•1994

  • Women Candidates in the News

    Kim Fridkin Kahn, Edie N Goldenberg•Public Opinion Quarterly•1991

  • Testing the Saturday Night Live Hypothesis

    Open Access•Melissa K Miller, Jeffrey S Peake et al.•Politics & Gender•2010

  • Press Coverage of Mayoral Candidates

    Open Access•Lonna Rae Atkeson, Timothy B Krebs•Political Research Quarterly•2008

  • She Brought Only a Skirt

    Caroline Heldman, Susan J Carroll et al.•Political Communication•2005

  • Looking for Sex in All the Wrong Places

    Open Access•Linda L Fowler, Jennifer L Lawle•Perspectives on Politics•2009

  • The third age of political communication

    Open Access•Jay G Blumler•Journal of Public Affairs•2001

  • Governing Codes

    Mary Christine Banwart•Politics & Gender•2006

  • Reflections on Gender and Hillary Clinton's Presidential Campaign

    Open Access•Susan J Carroll•Politics & Gender•2009

  • Gender Stereotypes, Candidate Evaluations, and Voting for Women Candidates

    Open Access•Kathleen Dolan•Political Research Quarterly•2014

  • The Consequences of Gender Stereotypes for Women Candidates at Different Levels and Types of Office

    Leonie Huddy, Nayda Terkildsen•Political Research Quarterly•1993

  • Traits versus Issues

    Open Access•Johanna Dunaway, Regina G Lawrence et al.•Political Research Quarterly•2013

  • What Is the Difference Between a Hockey Mom and a Pit Bull

    Open Access•Sarah Burns, Lindsay Eberhardt et al.•Political Research Quarterly•2013

  • Game-Framing the Issues

    Regina G Lawrence•Political Communication•2000

  • Party Reputations, Journalistic Expectations

    Danny Hayes•Political Communication•2008

  • New Media and the Polarization of American Political Discourse

    Matthew A Baum, Tim Groeling•Political Communication•2008

  • The Third Age of Political Communication

    Jay G Blumler, Dennis Kavanagh•Political Communication•1999

  • Candidate Qualities through a Partisan Lens

    Danny Hayes•American Journal of Political…•2005

  • The Appeal of Second Bananas

    Open Access•Stacy G Ulbig, S Ulbig•American Politics Research•2010

  • Framing the Fight

    Open Access•Dianne G Bystrom, Terry A Robertson et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2001

  • From the Primary to the General Election

    Open Access•Mary Christine Banwart, Dianne G Bystrom et al.•American Behavioral Scientist•2003

  • Sex, Lies, and War

    Open Access•Matthew A Baum•American Political Science Review•2002

Unique citing works36
Citations per year3,6
Citation span2016 - 2025 (10)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 36

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae