Attitudes and the Prediction of Behavior
A Meta-Analysis of the Empirical Literature
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 19601092 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Stephen J Kraus (Harvard University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1995 |
| Volume | 21 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 58-75 |
| Publication date | 1995-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0146167295211007 |
| OpenAlex | W2126078878 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 318 |
| References cited | 145 |
The relationship between attitudes and behavior has been the topic of considerable debate. This article reports a meta-analysis of 88 attitude-behavior studies that reveals that attitudes significantly and substantially predict future behavior (mean r = .38; combined p <<. 000000000001). Relatively large and significant moderating effects were found for the attitudinal variables of attitude certainty, stability, accessibility, affective-cognitive consistency, and direct experience (mean q = .39). A smaller but significant moderating effect was found for self-monitoring (mean q = .29). Methodological factors associated with high attitude-behavior correlations included self-report measures of behavior (q =. 22), the use of nonstudents as subjects (q =. 17), and corresponding levels of specificity in the attitude and behavior measures (mean q = .47). The practical magnitude of attitude-behavior correlations is considered, as are the future directions of attitude-behavior research
Attitude change · Certainty · Consistency (knowledge bases) · Meta-analysis · Moderation · Stability (learning theory) · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Cultural Differences and Values · Mathematics · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Führungsverhalten als Einflussgröße der Kundenorientierung von Mitarbeitern
Kundenorientierung auf individueller Ebene
Atitudes, emoções e comportamento de compra
Attitude Accessibility and Persuasion
Lessons from social psychology on discrediting psychiatric stigma
A comparison between self-identified evangelical Christians’ and nonreligious persons’ attitudes toward transgender persons
More than a dalliance? Pornography consumption and extramarital sex attitudes among married U.S. adults
Black/White dating online
An Investigation into Local Attitudes Towards the Effectiveness and Relevance of Traditional Vietnamese Martial Arts
Does the discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes moderate the relationships between explicit attitude and (intention to) being physically active
Risking connection trauma training
The Relationship between Social Norms, Avoidance, Future Orientation, and Willingness to Engage in Climate Change Advocacy Communications
TV News and Covid-19
A Communication–Human Information Processing (C–HIP) approach to warning effectiveness in the workplace
Environmental concern and environmental behaviour among the Norwegian public
Towards effective socially critical environmental education
Equality hypocrisy, inconsistency, and prejudice
Gold versus platinum
Seventh Graders’ Direct Experience with, and Feelings toward, Amphibians and Some Other Nonhuman Animals
Changes in Food Attitudes as a Function of Hunger
A Mile Wide But an Inch Deep
A Sober Second Thought
Sustainable development
A meta-analytic investigation of the relation between interpersonal attraction and enacted behavior
Psychosocial correlates of heterosexual condom use
Habit and intention in everyday life
Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined
The moderator effect that wasn't there
On the automatic evaluation of end-states
Mental illness stigma as a mediator of differences in Caucasian and South Asian college students' attitudes toward psychological counseling
Understanding the belief–behavior gap
Acceptability of Information Management Strategies
Your Cheatin' Heart
Understanding Racial Attitudes Among Students and Teachers in a Ethnically/Racially Diverse High School
Comparison of the Predictive Capacity of the Erotophobia–Erotophilia and the Attitudes Toward Sexual Behaviors in the Sexual Experience of Young Adults
Scientific jury selection.
Genetics of Personality
Attitudes in Social Behavior
Job Attitudes
Social Psychology and Law
Judicial Institutions
Voir Dire and Jury SelectionI am grateful for the contributions of Jason Dickinson and Brian Cutler to an earlier version of this chapter. Portions of the research presented in this chapter were made possible by support from the National Science Foundation (SES# 0136652, SES# 0520617, and SES# 0921408).
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The L2 motivational self system
Public beliefs about schizophrenia and depression
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Do Satisfied Customers Really Pay More? A Study of the Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Willingness to Pay
Happiness at Work
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior
Attitude Construction
A systematic review of primary prevention strategies for sexual violence perpetration
Do People Have Insight Into Their Abilities? A Metasynthesis
Promoting the Middle East Peace Process by Changing Beliefs About Group Malleability
Exploring Additional Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behavior
Familiarity with mental illness and social distance from people with schizophrenia and major depression
Values at Work
A Theoretical Integration of User Satisfaction and Technology Acceptance
Psychological testing and psychological assessment
The C-OAR-SE procedure for scale development in marketing
Public awareness, attitudes and beliefs regarding intellectual disability
Understanding the Role of the Self in Prime-to-Behavior Effects
The Dynamics of Acculturation
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Models of Decision Making and Residential Energy Use
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Environmental Education and Attitudes
Understanding attitudes toward affirmative action programs in employment
An Examination of the Determinants of Entertainment Vacationers’ Intentions to Revisit
Political Intolerance in the Context of Democratic Theory
Perceived Importance of Sustainability and Ethics Related to Fish
Cross-National Comparison of Attitudes Toward Fathers' and Mothers' Participation in Household Tasks and Childcare
Measuring Trust
Need for Uniqueness Determines Reactions to Web-Based Personalized Advertising
The Dark Triad of personality and attitudes toward cognitive enhancement
College Students’ Experience of a Food Safety Class and Their Responses to the MSG Issue
Vaccine Hesitancy and Susceptibility to Sars-CoV-2 Misinformation in Japanese Youth
Exploration of Attitudes and Experiences of Young Adults Who Do and Do Not Attend College
Making Decisions About Condoms
Social Power May Enhance Workplace Initiative
Attitudes toward School Violence against LGBTQIA+. A Qualitative Study
Factors influencing voluntary premarital medical examination in Zhejiang province, China
Effect of Road Safety Education on Road Risky Behaviors of Spanish Children and Adolescents
Travel Anxiety, Risk Attitude and Travel Intentions towards “Travel Bubble” Destinations in Hong Kong
Do response times add to self-reported craving? A secondary analysis of a neuromodulation trial
Moral Identity and Attitudes towards Doping in Sport
An experimental study of consumer attitudes and intentions in electricity markets
Unveiling the Travellers’ Mind
Attitudes towards school violence based on aporophobia. A qualitative study
"Legal consciousness" as a barren theoretical concept
The Relationship Between Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Fall Prevention for Childhood in Shanghai, China
Students’ and Instructors’ Understandings, Attitudes and Beliefs about Educational Theories
Early Childhood Administrators’ Attitudes Towards Inclusive Education
Dual speculative hoarding
(Why) Is Misinformation a Problem
When and Why Do People Accept Public-Policy Interventions? An Integrative Public-Policy-Acceptance Framework
The influence of education and family systems on the sustainability values of Hong Kong University students
Development of the attitude toward mediation scale
Opinions and Personality
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
Meta-Analytic Procedures for Social Research
Attention and Self-Regulation
A simple, general purpose display of magnitude of experimental effect.
Attitude and Attitude Change
On predicting some of the people some of the time
Attitudes and Attitude Change
Attitudes towards objects as predictors of single and multiple behavioral criteria.
Direct Experience And Attitude-Behavior Consistency
Attitudes and Opinions
Public and private self-consciousness
The authoritarian personality
Obedience to authority
The German Press After V-Day
Affective, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dimensions of Communicative Attitudes
Attitudes, Traits, and Actions
The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion
Attitude Structure and Function
On the predictive validity of attitudes
Self‐attention and self‐report
Self‐focused attention and self‐report validity 1
Attitudes and action
Choosing social situations
Verbal Attitudes and Overt Behavior
Attitudes vs. Actions
Attitude-behavior relations
Predicting Behavior in a Social Influence-Situation from Attitude-Scale Measures of Prejudice
Attitude toward Capital Punishment
Strength-Related Attitude Dimensions
Social Structure, Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior
A Model for Predicting Behavior
Testing Ajzen and Fishbein's attitudes model
Attitude Measurement and Prediction of Behavior
The Relationship of Commitment‐Free Behavior and Commitment Behavior
Attitudes versus Actions
Attitudes cause behaviors
Attitude-behavior relations
An informational approach to altruistic behavior
Ethnic attitudes and agreement with a Negro person
Attitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations
Attitudes and Behavior
Factors Influencing Intentions and the Intention-Behavior Relation
On the consistency between attitudes and behavior
Attitude accessibility, attitude-behavior consistency, and the strength of the object-evaluation association
The prediction of behavior from attitudinal and normative variables
Effects of introspection on attitude-behavior consistency
Physical aggression as a function of objective self-awareness and attitudes toward punishment
Attitudinal qualities relating to the strength of the attitude-behavior relationship
Attitudes are alive and well and gainfully employed in the sphere of action
Conviction
Cognitive dissonance
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
How are we doing in soft psychology
On the irrelevance of the classical negative evidence concerning the effect of attitudes on behavior
Meta-analysis of psychotherapy outcome studies
Increasing attitude-behavior correspondence by broadening the scope of the behavioral measure
An examination of the "other variables" explanation of attitude-behavior inconsistency
Variables that moderate the attitude–behavior relation
Attitude as an Interactional Concept
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
Reconciling conflicting results derived from experimental and survey studies of attitude change
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
The Functional Approach to the Study of Attitudes
Predicting Behavior From Attitudes
The Accuracy of Self-Reported Data and Prediction of Political Activity
A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents' Attitude-Behavior Consistency
A Structural Theory of Attitude Dynamics
Effects of affective and cognitive focus on the attitude–behavior relation
The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories
Relative efficacy of desensitization and modeling approaches for inducing behavioral, affective, and attitudinal changes
Attitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude–perception and attitude–behavior relations
Belief relevance and attitude–behavior consistency
Attitude–behavior consistency
Vested interest as a moderator of attitude–behavior consistency
Temporal instability as a moderator of the attitude–behavior relationship
Attitude–behavior relations
Predicting and understanding mothers' infant-feeding intentions and behavior
Intention, perceived control, and weight loss
Affective-cognitive consistency, attitudes, conformity, and behavior
Predicting contraceptive behavior from attitudes
Reciprocal relation between attitudes and behavior recall
Self-monitoring and the attitude–behavior relation
Behavior as a function of the situation
Ingroup norms and self-identity as determinants of discriminatory behavior
Empirical validation of affect, behavior, and cognition as distinct components of attitude
Comparison of three models for predicting altruistic behavior
Physical aggression as a function of racial prejudice and the race of the target
Effects of analyzing reasons on attitude–behavior consistency
Specificity of the attitude as a determinant of attitude-behavior congruence
Personal involvement, social judgment, and action
Sexual standards and reactions to pornography
College sophomores in the laboratory
Self-monitoring of expressive behavior
Verbal Attitudes and Overt Acts
Fact and Factitiousness in Ethnic Opinionnaires
A Configurational Approach to Contingent Consistency in the Attitude-Behavior Relationship
Attitude and Action
Attitude and Behavior
Some effects of shared threat and prejudice in racially mixed groups
| Unique citing works | 318 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 10,6 |
| Citation span | 1996 - 2026 (31) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 288 |