Examining the factor structure of the Physical Literacy for Life self-assessment tool (PL4L) among Japanese adults and its relationship with the stages of change model for participation in regular physical activity

Bibliographic Data

ID22075795
AuthorsMisaki Matsunaga (Juntendo University), Koya Suzuki (0000-0002-2089-0886, Juntendo University, corresponding author), Masahiro Matsui (0000-0002-5211-4021, Juntendo University), Kenta Toyama (Juntendo University), Shizuo Ito, Yoshinori Okade (0000-0001-7885-096X, Nippon Sport Science University), Kosho Kasuga (Gifu University), Pengyu Deng (0000-0001-5510-6249, Juntendo University), Tetsuya Matsuo (Rikkyo University), Yasunori Morioka (Nihon University), Hiroshi Aono (Japan Sport Council), Hisashi Naıto (0000-0002-0522-9512, Juntendo University)
Year2025
Volume13
Pages1505502-1505502
Publication date2025-03-12
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueFrontiers in Public Health (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 2296-2565 • E-ISSN: 2296-2565
PublisherFrontiers Media SA (PUBLISHER • CH)
DOI10.3389/fpubh.2025.1505502
PMID40144976
OpenAlexW4408379210
LanguageEN
Citations received2
References cited29

Introduction: Physical literacy contributes to physical activity and comprises four conceptually interrelated domains: physical, emotional, social, and cognitive. The International Sport and Culture Association proposed the Physical Literacy for Life self-assessment tool (PL4L); however, its factor structure and usability are not clear. This study aimed to examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the PL4L in adults and its association with the stages of change model for participation in regular physical activity. Methods: For this study, a total of 940 Japanese adults (age: 41.8 ± 13.2 years) completed a web-based cross-sectional survey. Physical literacy (PL) was assessed using the PL4L. The stages of change model regarding participation in regular physical activity were examined using a self-reported questionnaire that applied the Transtheoretical Model. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω. Factor structure was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the relationship between the PL4L and the stages of change for participation in regular physical activity. Internal consistency coefficients were found to be high. Results: In the confirmatory factor analysis, the modified model, incorporating theoretically justified error covariances, demonstrated a good fit. The factor loadings between domains and items were all significant. Significant associations were also identified between PL and stages of change for participation in regular physical activity. Discussion: The PL4L's factor structure is consistent with the concept of physical literacy among Japanese adults, which correlates with the stages of change for participation in regular physical activity. Future studies should investigate whether addressing PL can effectively increase physical activity levels

Behavior change · Confirmatory factor analysis · Cronbach's alpha · Developmental psychology · Factor analysis · Psychometrics · Statistics · Structural equation modeling · Transtheoretical model · Children's Physical and Motor Development · Clinical Psychology · Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport · Mathematics · Physical Education and Pedagogy · Psychology · Social Psychology

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