Dehumanization
An Integrative Review
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23313765 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Nick Haslam (0000-0002-1913-2340, The University of Melbourne, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2006 |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 252-264 |
| Publication date | 2006-08-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Personality and Social Psychology Review (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1532-7957 • E-ISSN: 1088-8683 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1207/s15327957pspr1003_4 |
| PMID | 16859440 |
| OpenAlex | W2124809053 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 929 |
| References cited | 72 |
The concept of dehumanization lacks a systematic theoretical basis, and research that addresses it has yet to be integrated. Manifestations and theories of dehumanization are reviewed, and a new model is developed. Two forms of dehumanization are proposed, involving the denial to others of 2 distinct senses of humanness: characteristics that are uniquely human and those that constitute human nature. Denying uniquely human attributes to others represents them as animal-like, and denying human nature to others represents them as objects or automata. Cognitive underpinnings of the “animalistic” and “mechanistic” forms of dehumanization are proposed. An expanded sense of dehumanization emerges, in which the phenomenon is not unitary, is not restricted to the intergroup context, and does not occur only under conditions of conflict or extreme negative evaluation. Instead, dehumanization becomes an everyday social phenomenon, rooted in ordinary social-cognitive processes.
Cognition · Context (archaeology) · Dehumanization · Denial · Epistemology · Phenomenon · Psychoanalysis · Sociology · Cultural Differences and Values · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Philosophy · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
The parasitic inscription
Reclaiming sexuality through violence? Italian incels, the Sex robot fantasy, and the ‘right to Sex’
The Role of Compassion and Self-Compassion in Community Integration and Emotional Well-Being
Music Endangerment, Repatriation, and Intercultural Collaboration in an Australian Discomfort Zone
Reconfiguring Human, Nonhuman and Posthuman in Literature and Culture
Transcending Modernity with Relational Thinking
Ideology and Mass Killing
Humanistic Management
Banished Men
The Psychology of Intractable Conflicts
Dissecting Discrimination
Representing the Material Infra-Ordinary of the Perpetrator
Immigrants, hell on board’
Legitimation of hate and political violence through memetic images
Affective, cognitive, and behavioral mental illness stigma in health care
Dehumanization of mental illness and the stereotype content model
Using personification and agency reorientation to reduce mental-health clinicians’ stigmatizing attitudes toward patients
Bridging Ideological Divides
Uuniin siitä” – Väkivaltainen ja toiseuttava verkkokeskustelu Ylilaudalla
The Red Machine
The dehumanizing metaphors in the culture of Acehnese in Indonesia
The revolution will not be televised’
Are Big Gods a big deal in the emergence of big groups
Intergenerational concern relates to constructive coping and emotional reactions to climate change via increased legacy concerns and environmental cognitive alternatives
The Enemy with Human Face? Rehumanization of the Images of Americans in the Soviet Thaw Cinema
Relational spirituality and forgiveness
Dangerous Speech and Dangerous Ideology
Legacies of Slavery and their Enduring Harms
The Violation on Women’s Rights in the Unilateral Divorce in Sasak Community From A Feminist Legal Theory
Animalising and Mechanising Self-Determined Women Characters Regardless of Their Class Structure in Jasoda — A Feministic Perspective
Arqueología de la desaparición
Parasites, Herbivores and Dried Fish
The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on ICU Healthcare Professionals
Ethnic Essentialism or Conciliatory Multiculturalism? The People’s Republic of China
When they cry
Rituals, Propaganda, and Social Regulation
Defenceless Bodies in J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians
Losing Touch
Māori Health
La deshumanización del soldado en el género bélico. La crisis del combatiente en las películas sobre la Guerra de Irak
Hacia una memoria incluyente para la paz en el País Vasco
De)humanization and (dis)trust
Dehumanization amidst massacres
Increasing support for concession-making in intractable conflicts
You say it best when you say nothing at all”
Essentially subhuman
Dehumanization of older people
Beloved Companion or Problem Animal
The Processes of Dehumanization in the Encounter with the Other
Dehumanizing the Lowest of the Low
Trait-based Measure of Dehumanization
Everyone Matters
Robots abide by ethical principles promote human-robot trust? The reverse effect of decision types and the human-robot projection hypothesis
Stigmatization as a result of the illegalization of some forms of transnational movement
Giving Meaning to RFID and Cochlear Implants
La paradoja de la deshumanización en la tierra de los Derechos Humanos
Examining the consequences of dehumanization and adultification in justification of police use of force against Black girls and boys
Does the affirmative consent standard increase the accuracy of sexual assault perceptions? It depends on how you learn about the standard
How we know our own minds
A universidade e a função educativa da pesquisa para o desvelamento dos mecanismos de desumanização utilizados por perpetradores de violações de direitos humanos no regime militar
Mistakenly seeking solitude.
The myth of harmless wrongs in moral cognition
Effects of sexualized video games on online sexual harassment
How is objectification related to a devaluation of people in the workplace
Can self-consciousness and team reflexivity guard against the consequences of objectification
Reducing dehumanisation outcomes towards Blacks
Toward a psychology of human-animal relations
Bodily moral disgust
Meta-humanization reduces prejudice, even under high intergroup threat
Trio of terror (pregnancy, menstruation, and breastfeeding)
The essence of innocence
Making sense by making sentient
Facing humanness
Not yet human
A two-dimensional model that employs explicit and implicit attitudes to characterize prejudice
Demeaning
Moral character predominates in person perception and evaluation
More than a body
The moral standing of animals
We are people”
Put your plan into action
Why group apologies succeed and fail
Ethnocentrism and the value of a human life
Social identification with animals
Attentional processes in stereotype formation
More human than you
The ascent of man
The power and limits of personal change
They see us as less than human
Actor-observer asymmetries in explanations of behavior
Moral typecasting
Relaxing moral reasoning to win
‘Ordinary Men,’ Ordinary Children, and Extraordinary Violence
Metaphors They Kill by
Ethical Friction
The Modernity of the Songlines
The Earth Is (Still) Our Mother
Development of the People or Props Tool
Dehumanization and Socioeconomic Status
The Pregnancy-Related Objectification Beliefs Scale (PROBS)
The history and sociology of genocide
Feminism unmodified
The Human Difference
Mindblindness
How People Explain Behavior
Animals and Androids
Essentialist beliefs about social categories
The second self: Computers and the human spirit
Rehumanizing the Other
Dimensions of “uniquely” and “non‐uniquely” human emotions
Empathy
Essentialist Beliefs about Personality and Their Implications
A cognitive developmental approach to morality
Perceptions of the Collective Other
Temporal construal.
Woman, culture, and society.
Henri Tajfel's ‘Cognitive aspects of prejudice’ and the psychology of bigotry
Sex and social justice
Indigestible Food, Conquering Hordes, and Waste Materials
The Saturated Self
Social Categorization
Selective Moral Disengagement in the Exercise of Moral Agency
The Native Mind
The Second Self
Shared Beliefs in a Society
Are essentialist beliefs associated with prejudice
The Go/No-Go Association Task
Coping Mechanisms of Physicians Who Routinely Work with Dying Patients
Differential Association of Uniquely and Non Uniquely Human Emotions with the Ingroup and the Outgroup
Objectification Theory
Will computers dehumanize education? A grounded approach to values at risk
The Human Difference
Disinhibition of aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims
Emotional prejudice, essentialism, and nationalism The 2002 Tajfel lecture
Psychological essentialism and the differential attribution of uniquely human emotions to ingroups and outgroups
People with Cognitive Disabilities
Moral Exclusion and Injustice
Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice 1
Conceptual beliefs about human values and their implications
The uniquely human in human nature
Intergroup relations and the attribution of emotions
Dehumanizing the Vulnerable
Structures of social life
Not quite human
The CAD triad hypothesis
Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency
Intergroup aggression
On the Behavioral Consequences of Infrahumanization
More human than you
European Journal of Social Psychology
Dis)respecting versus (Dis)liking
Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture
From mice to men
The Anatomy of Disgust
Relationships with Severely Disabled People
The Crooked Timber of Humanity
| Unique citing works | 929 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 44,24 |
| Citation span | 2005 - 2026 (22) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 825 |