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The toronto mindfulness scale

Development and validation

Bibliographic Data

ID23317643
AuthorsMark A Lau (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, corresponding author), Scott R Bishop (University of Toronto), Zindel V Segal (0000-0001-9152-3672, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Tom Buis (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Norman D Anderson (0000-0002-5979-2220, University of Toronto), Nicole D Anderson, Linda Carlson, Linda E Carlson (0000-0002-4411-2085, University of Calgary), Shauna L Shapiro (Santa Clara University), Shauna Shapiro, John Carmody (0000-0001-8377-1457, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School), James Carmody, Susan Abbey (0000-0002-8300-8512, University Health Network), Gerald Devins, Gerald M Devins (University Health Network)
Year2006
Volume62
Issue12
Pages1445-1467
Publication date2006-12-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Clinical Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0021-9762 • E-ISSN: 1097-4679
PublisherWiley (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1002/jclp.20326
PMID17019673
OpenAlexW2077686642
LanguageEN
Citations received167
References cited49

In this study, the authors both developed and validated a self-report mindfulness measure, the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS). In Study 1, participants were individuals with and without meditation experience. Results showed good internal consistency and two factors, Curiosity and Decentering. Most of the expected relationships with other constructs were as expected. The TMS scores increased with increasing mindfulness meditation experience. In Study 2, criterion and incremental validity of the TMS were investigated on a group of individuals participating in 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction programs. Results showed that TMS scores increased following treatment, and Decentering scores predicted improvements in clinical outcome. Thus, the TMS is a promising measure of the mindfulness state with good psychometric properties and predictive of treatment outcome.

Cartography · Geography · Mindfulness · Psychoanalysis · Psychometrics · Scale (ratio) · Test validity · Validation test · Child Therapy and Development · Clinical Psychology · Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions · Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies · Psychology

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Unique citing works167
Citations per year7,59
Citation span2004 - 2026 (23)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedYes
Citation typesNeutral: 154

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