Inequality as Ingroup Privilege or Outgroup Disadvantage
The Impact of Group Focus on Collective Guilt and Interracial Attitudes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23319005 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Adam A Powell (University of Kansas, corresponding author), Nyla R Branscombe (0000-0001-9364-9041, University of Kansas, corresponding author), Michael T Schmitt (0000-0002-7116-2280, Purdue University) |
| Year | 2005 |
| Volume | 31 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 508-521 |
| Publication date | 2005-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0146-1672 • E-ISSN: 1552-7433 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0146167204271713 |
| PMID | 15743985 |
| OpenAlex | W2041821995 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 157 |
| References cited | 33 |
Among members of privileged groups, social inequality is often thought of in terms of the disadvantages associated with outgroup membership. Yet inequality also can be validly framed in terms of ingroup privilege. These different framings have important psychological and social implications. In Experiment 1 (N = 110), White American participants assessed 24 statements about racial inequality framed as either White privileges or Black disadvantages. In Experiment 2 (N = 122), White participants generated examples of White privileges or Black disadvantages. In both experiments, a White privilege framing resulted in greater collective guilt and lower racism compared to a Black disadvantage framing. Collective guilt mediated the manipulation’s effect on racism. In addition, in Experiment 2, a White privilege framing decreased White racial identification compared to a Black disadvantage framing. These findings suggest that representing inequality in terms of outgroup disadvantage allows privileged group members to avoid the negative psychological implications of inequality and supports prejudicial attitudes.
Disadvantage · Focus (optics) · Focus group · Group (periodic table) · Inequality · Ingroups and outgroups · Outgroup · Political science · Politics · Prejudice (legal term) · Privilege (computing) · Sociology · System Justification · Cultural Differences and Values · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Law · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Labour Market Discrimination of Muslims and Political Trust in Germany
On the Outside Looking In
Framing and source effects on White college students’ reactions to racial inequity information
Understanding what students bring to the classroom
Remembering historical victimization
Paying for positive group esteem
Forgiveness and Collective Guilt Assignment to Historical Perpetrator Groups Depend on Level of Social Category Inclusiveness
When inequality matters
The Effects of Morally Reframed Messages on White Individuals’ Attitudes Toward White Privilege
Intergroup Relations
Prejudice
Moral and Immoral Whiteness in Immigration Politics
The Measurement of Collective Guilt
The White Privilege Attitudes Scale
Crimes of the Past
Anger and Guilt About Ingroup Advantage Explain the Willingness for Political Action
Framing Inequity Safely
Social categorization and empathy for outgroup members
Deny, Distance, or Dismantle? How White Americans Manage a Privileged Identity
Feeling Threatened About the Future
Beyond Contact
Advantaged Group's Emotional Reactions to Intergroup Inequality
Beyond Allyship
Beyond the Sins of the Fathers: Responsibility for Inequality
A new representation of minorities as victims
Retweet for justice? Social media message amplification and Black Lives Matter allyship
From serial reproduction to serial communication
Perceptions of Not Equally Tolerable Discriminations
Teachers and white privilege attitudes
In the name of progress
Shared humanity, awareness of socio-economic privilege, and classism during the pandemic as predictors of supporting equal socio-economic policies
Effects of a white privilege framing and a test of moderators
Demotivating Justice
Google is Free
NotAllWhites
Evidence for a Curvilinear Effect of Psychological Discomfort on Dominant Group Members’ Engagement in Allyship
Empathy arousal and emotional reactions to victims of the gender pay gap
At the Heart of Egalitarianism
Perceiving a Lack of Social Justice
White People Problems? White Privilege Beliefs Predict Attitudes Toward Confederate Symbols
Racialized Emotions When Thinking about Slavery
Multicultural attitudes in Europe
Lay-theories reflect, reproduce, deny, and acknowledge racism
White privilege, white grievance, and the limitations of white antiracism
White identity politics
A Relational Approach to Coalitions
The Role of Affective Empathy in Eliminating Discrimination Against Women
Harnessing the many facets of White identity to reduce feelings of threat and improve intergroup relations
Gazing at suffering Gaza from suffering Sderot
Antecedents and Consequences of Satisfaction and Guilt Following Ingroup Aggression
Understanding White Americans' Perceptions of Racism in Hurricane Katrina-Related Events
Collective Guilt as Distress over Illegitimate Intergroup Inequality
Perceiving race relevance in everyday events
The Space between Us and Them
White out of mind
Women evaluate ally men less positively and are less willing to work with them for gender equality when men deny their male privilege
The Difficulty of Making Reparations Affects the Intensity of Collective Guilt
White power on trial
Not all inequalities are created equal
Aspiring and practicing leaders addressing issues of diversity and social justice
National identity in the historical narratives of a morally questionable historical process / Identidad nacional en las narrativas sobre un proceso histórico moralmente cuestionable
The psychology of engagement with indigenous identities
Health Status among African Americans
Biased Elites, Unfit Policies
Unequal Tweets
Symbolic Action Motivates Further Collective Action by Increasing Identification With the Common Cause
Privilege, White Identity, and Motivation
Years of White Affirmative Action’
Social Privilege and Accountability
Socioeconomic status, perceived inequality of opportunity, and attitudes toward redistribution
Challenging the Status Quo
Transforming Straight Guilt Into Collective Action for LGBs via Close Cross-Group Friendships
What Happens When We Unpack the Invisible Knapsack? Intersectional Political Consciousness and Inter-group Appraisals
Don’t Ever Forget Now, You’re a Black Man in America”
The Unbearable Lightness of Being White
Waving the Flag (or Not)
Identity Form Matters
Meritocracy, Self-Concerns, and Whites' Denial of Racial Inequity
The Power of Biography
Women underrepresented or men overrepresented? Framing influences women's affective and behavioral responses to gender gap in political leadership
How diversity and disadvantage frames shape employee reactions to affirmative action
Owning Up to Negative Ingroup Traits
A person by place approach to examining prototypes of climate change impacts and their relation to pro‐environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions
Your possible pasts
Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Antigypsyism in Slovakia
Facilitating Feeling
Thou Shall Not Kill…Your Brother
Theories for Race and Gender Differences in Management of Social Identity-Related Stressors
A Critical Review of Official Public Apologies
Jewish Israeli Social Workers’ Responses to Ethnic Health Inequality
Collective guilt
Emotion in inter-group relations
Measuring Whiteness
Understanding the Rise of Anti-Political Correctness Sentiment
Reparative Consumption
The Role of Attitudes Toward White Privilege and Religious Beliefs in Predicting Social Justice Interest and Commitment
Examining awareness of privilege among midwestern college students
Remembering where we're from
Witnessing racism against racial minority individuals online and loneliness among White emerging adults
Can White Guilt Motivate Action? The Role of Civic Beliefs
Empathy and Moral Development
Thinking about one's gender group's privileges or disadvantages
White Guilt and Racial Compensation
Ethnocentrism, Social Identification, and Discrimination
The Measurement of Collective Guilt
Measures of political attitudes
Rediscovering the Social Group
Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism
Social Dominance
Rediscovering the Social Group
White Guilt
Social identity theory
Collective self‐esteem consequences of outgroup derogation when a valued social identity is on trial
Principles of Gestalt Psychology
Phenomenology, behaviors, and goals differentiate discrete emotions
The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research
New directions in equity research
Guilty by association
Gender gaps
Sexism and racism
The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness
Guilt
| Unique citing works | 157 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 7,14 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 149 |