Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995

Bibliographic Data

ID2989152
AuthorsJennifer C Lena (0009-0000-2535-0523, Vanderbilt University, corresponding author)
Year2006
Volume85
Issue1
Pages479-495
Publication date2006-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueSocial Forces (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0037-7732 • E-ISSN: 1534-7605
PublisherOxford University Press (OUP) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1353/sof.2006.0131
OpenAlexW2159549606
LanguageEN
Citations received47
References cited27

There is a link between the context of production and the content of rap music singles. This research finds that when independent labels owned most of the charted singles, lyrics emphasized features of the local environment and hostility to corporate music production and values. In contrast, the major-label dominated market featured lyrics blending "street" credibility and commercial success in the "hustler" protagonist. I contribute a new finding to research on market concentration and musical diversity: artists' reactions to the market effects musical content

Archaeology · Art · Content (measure theory) · Content analysis · Context (archaeology) · Library science · Media studies · Musical · Social science · Sociology · Visual arts · Computer Science · Diverse Musicological Studies · History · Music History and Culture · Social and Cultural Dynamics

  • Gone country

    Jason T Eastman, Terry F Pettijohn•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2014

  • Good times and endless love

    Jason T Eastman, Terry F Pettijohn•Psychology of Popular Media Culture•2017

  • "A Cidade de Manaus a partir da Etnografia do Circuito do "RAP AM

    Open Access•Rafael Branquinho Abdala Norberto•ILUMINURAS•2020

  • Classifications in Popular Music

    Open Access•Alex Van Venrooij, Vaughn Schmutz•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • Culture, Production of

    Open Access•Jennifer C Lena•International Encyclopedia of the…•2015

  • The Construction of Authenticity in the Creative Process

    Tamar Sagiv, Tal Simons et al.•Organization Science•2020

  • Sociology of Hip‐Hop Music

    Open Access•Wendy M Laybourn•The Blackwell Encyclopedia of…•2017

  • The Position of Women in Rap Music in the Context of Gender

    Open Access•Ecem Soydaş, Erdem Dirimeşe•Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi•2024

  • Performing sex

    Open Access•Desmond Sergeant, Desmond C Sergeant et al.•Psychology of Music•2023

  • “We Stick Out Like a Sore Thumb . . .”

    Open Access•Matthew Oware•Sociology of Race and Ethnicity•2016

  • From CDs to MP3s

    K De Laat•Creative Industries Journal•2025

  • Shake it, Baby, Shake it

    Open Access•Margaret Hunter•Sociological Perspectives•2011

  • The foundation and transformation of the Turkish rap field (2002-2023)

    Open Access•Baran Konak•Turkish Studies•2026

  • Rap Music as Resistive Occupation

    Elizabeth Pyatak, Linda Muccitelli•Journal of Occupational Science•2011

  • Regulating for creativity and cultural diversity

    J Street, Dave Laing et al.•International Journal of Cultural…•2016

  • Innovation and Diversity Redux

    Open Access•K De Laat•Sociological Forum•2014

  • Status Markers in Popular Music Across Six Countries

    Open Access•L Carbone, Priscila Álvarez-Cueva et al.•Sex Roles•2024

  • Geography of American rap

    Open Access•Kenneth R French, Kenneth French•GeoJournal•2015

  • Reading Billboard 1979–89

    Anthony Kwame Harrison, Craig Arthur et al.•Popular Music & Society•2011

  • Sounds like meritocracy to my ears

    L Carbone, J J B Mijs•Information Communication & Society•2022

  • Listening to Rap

    Julian Tanner, Mark Asbridge et al.•Social Forces•2009

  • In and out of love with hip-hop

    M Nicole Coleman, Ebony O Butler et al.•Culture Health & Sexuality•2016

  • Conflicting Paradigms on Gender and Sexuality in Rap Music

    Open Access•Denise Herd•Sexuality & Culture•2015

  • Escaping Embarrassment

    Open Access•Jooyoung Lee, Joo-Young Lee•Social Psychology Quarterly•2009

  • The ‘wine revolution’ in the United States, 1960–1980

    Ai Hisano, Nathaniel G Chapman•Business History•2023

  • Our favourite melodies

    Open Access•Julian Tanner, Mark Asbridge et al.•British Journal of Sociology•2008

  • Hip-hop Urbanism Old and New

    Open Access•Michael P Jeffries•International Journal of Urban…•2014

  • Feature-Based Structures of Opportunity

    Open Access•Khwan Kim, Noah Askin•American Sociological Review•2024

  • What Makes Popular Culture Popular? Product Features and Optimal Differentiation in Music

    Open Access•Noah Askin, Michael Mauskapf•American Sociological Review•2017

  • Classification as Culture

    Open Access•Jennifer C Lena, R A Peterson•American Sociological Review•2008

  • Boundary processes

    Open Access•Mark A Pachucki, Mark C Pachucki et al.•Poetics•2007

  • The costliest signals of authenticity? How iconic deaths transform audience reception in hip-hop

    Open Access•Ma Xiangyu•Poetics•2024

  • Un)conscious (popular) underground

    Matthew Oware•Poetics•2014

  • Singing the romance

    Open Access•K De Laat•Poetics•2019

  • From chart-topper to gold record

    Open Access•Vincent M Carter•Poetics•2024

  • Out of tune

    Open Access•C Boone, Carolyn H Declerck et al.•Poetics•2012

  • Networks and Artistic Status Orders in Cultural Fields

    Open Access•M Wittek, Katharina Burgdorf•Poetics•2025

  • Disperse and preserve the perverse

    Open Access•Ke Nie•Poetics•2021

  • Categorical ambiguity in cultural fields

    Open Access•Alex Van Venrooij, Vaughn Schmutz•Poetics•2018

  • When Disney came to Broadway

    Open Access•Kyla Thomas•Poetics•2019

  • The sincerest form of flattery

    Open Access•Jennifer C Lena, Mark C Pachucki•Poetics•2013

  • Rap, Race and the (Re)Production of Boundaries

    Open Access•Scott Appelrouth, Crystal Kelly et al.•Sociological Perspectives•2013

  • Misogyny in Rap Music

    Open Access•R Weitzer, Charis E Kubrin•Men and Masculinities•2009

  • Write a Word, Get a Third

    Open Access•K De Laat•Work and Occupations•2015

  • Race and Genre Ambiguity in the Critical Reception of Popular Music

    Open Access•Alex Van Venrooij, Candace Miller et al.•Sociological Inquiry•2022

  • "The cost of being "real

    Wendy M Laybourn•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2018

  • Imagining a Better World

    Open Access•Lakeyta M Bonnette-Bailey, Ray Block et al.•Du Bois Review Social Science…•2018

  • Canvases and careers

    Harrison C White•Canvases and careers•1965

  • Music and society

    Richard D Leppert, Susan Mcclary•Music and society•1987

  • The black Atlantic

    Paul Gilroy•The black Atlantic•1993

  • Music Genres and Corporate Cultures

    K Negus•Music Genres and Corporate Cultures•2013

  • In Search of Authenticity

    Open Access•R A Peterson•Journal of Management Studies•2005

  • The field of Cultural Production

    J Webb, Tony Schirato et al.•Understanding Bourdieu•2002

  • Rap's Dirty South

    Open Access•Matt Miller•Journal of Popular Music Studies•2004

  • Hit Record Trends, 1940–1977

    Open Access•Bruce Anderson, Peter Hesbacher et al.•Journal of Communication•1980

  • Popular Music

    Open Access•Eric W Rothenbuhler, John W Dimmick et al.•Journal of Communication•1982

  • Distinction

    Pierre Bourdieu•Food and Culture•2018

  • Vocabularies Of Public Life

    Robert Wuthnow•Vocabularies of Public Life•2002

  • The Global Jukebox

    Robert Burnett•Global Jukebox•2002

  • “The Chain Remain the Same” Communicative Practices in the Hip Hop Nation

    Open Access•Geneva Smitherman•Journal of Black Studies•1997

  • Sound exposure in radio

    Peter Hesbacher•Popular Music & Society•1974

  • Careers and Creativity

    Gene A Fisher, Robert R Faulkner et al.•Contemporary Sociology A Journal…•1994

  • Concentration and Diversity Revisited

    Timothy J Dowd•Social Forces•2004

  • Cultural entrepreneurship in nineteenth-century Boston

    Open Access•P Dimaggio•Media Culture & Society•1982

  • Innovation and Diversity in the Popular Music Industry, 1969 to 1990

    P Lopes, Paul D Lopes•American Sociological Review•1992

  • Cycles in Symbol Production

    R A Peterson, David G Berger•American Sociological Review•1975

  • Entropy and Popular Culture

    Peter J Alexander•American Sociological Review•1996

  • Charting race

    Open Access•Timothy J Dowd, Timothy J Dowd∗ et al.•Poetics•2002

  • Black Noise

    Venise Berry, Tricia Rose•American Music•1996

  • Rhythm, Rhyme, and Rhetoric in the Music of Public Enemy

    Robert Walser•Ethnomusicology•1995

  • The Production of Culture Perspective

    R A Peterson, N Anand•Annual Review of Sociology•2004

  • Off the Gangsta Tip

    Tim Brennan•Critical Inquiry•1994

  • Processing Fads and Fashions

    Paul M Hirsch•American Journal of Sociology•1972

Unique citing works47
Citations per year2,47
Citation span2007 - 2026 (20)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 44

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae