Blocking resolution
How external states can prolong civil wars
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 3917433 |
|---|---|
| Authors | David E Cunningham (0009-0000-2653-6792, Iowa State University), David Cunningham (0000-0002-3497-0705, Iowa State University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 2010 |
| Volume | 47 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 115-127 |
| Publication date | 2010-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Peace Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3433 • E-ISSN: 1460-3578 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications Inc (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1177/0022343309353488 |
| OpenAlex | W2016020672 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 130 |
| References cited | 35 |
What explains the effect of external intervention on the duration of civil war? The literature on intervention has made some progress in addressing this question, but it has been hindered by an assumption that states intervene in civil wars either to help one side win or to facilitate negotiations. Often, however, external states become involved in civil war to pursue an agenda which is separate from the goals of the internal combatants. When states intervene in this fashion, they make wars more difficult to resolve for two reasons. First, doing so introduces another actor that must approve any settlement to end the war. Second, external states generally have less incentive to negotiate than internal actors because they bear lower costs of fighting and they can anticipate gaining less benefit from negotiation than domestic insurgents. Through Cox regressions using data on the goals of all interventions in civil wars since World War II, this article shows that when states intervene with an independent agenda, they make wars substantially longer. The effect of independent interventions is much larger than that of external interventions generally, suggesting that the established finding that external interventions prolong civil war is driven by a subset of cases where states have intervened in conflicts to pursue independent goals
Conflict resolution · Development economics · Economics · Incentive · Internal conflict · Intervention (counseling) · Market economy · Negotiation · Political economy · Political science · Politics · Psychological intervention · Settlement (finance) · Sociology · Spanish Civil War · State (computer science) · Computer Science · International Relations and Foreign Policy · Law · Peacebuilding and International Security · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology
Aiding Activism? Humanitarianism’s Impacts on Mobilized Syrian Refugees in Jordan
Contact Groups as Diplomatic Intervention Tools in Civil Wars
Ariel Ahram
Female Combatants and Durability of Civil War
The impact of coups d’état on civil war duration
Ethnicity, the State, and the Duration of Civil War
Foreign Sponsorship of Armed Groups and Civil War
The Curse of Coercive Mediation
We Are All Coethnics
The Impact of Commercial Military Actors on Armed Conflict Termination, 1990–2010
Blueprints and Blind Spots
The end of consociational power-sharing? Its causes and what can Be done
Multiparty mediation in a changing world
The effects of ethnic conflict and foreign fighters on conflict duration
Proxy agents, auxiliary forces, and sovereign defection
Does natural gas fuel civil war? Rethinking energy security, international relations, and fossil-fuel conflict
Exploring Covert Diplomacy in Peace Negotiations
Foreign direct investment and third-party diplomatic intervention in intrastate conflict
Predicting the duration of the Syrian insurgency
Nation-Building and the Role of Identity in Civil Wars
When Civil Wars Recur
Civilian victimization and international military intervention in civil wars
Why foreign military interventions prolong civil wars
Exploiting dissent
The Influence of Directive Strategies on Settlement Duration
The Challenge of Forging Consent to UN Mediation in Internationalized Civil Wars
Do Democracies Support Violent Non-governmental Organizations Less Than Autocracies Do
Transborder Ethnic Kin and the Dynamics of Peace Processes
Joining by Number
Targeting and Resistance
Making Peace When the Whole World Has Come to Fight
Are Non-Inclusive Peace Agreements Effective Counter-Insurgency Strategies
Post Conflict Justice, Peacekeeping, and Civil Conflict Recurrence
The United Nations After 75
Transactional peacemaking
Public Perceptions of Wartime Atrocities
A good investment?’ State sponsorship of terrorism as an instrument of Iraqi foreign policy (1979–1991)
Teaching from experience
United Nations peacekeeping personnel commitments, 1990–2011
Major power politics and non-violent resistance movements
The conditional impact of military intervention on internal armed conflict outcomes
Sexual violence and biased military interventions in civil conflict
Lootable resources and third-party intervention into civil wars
Domestic institutions, leader tenure and the duration of civil war
International virtue signaling
Conditional cross-border effects of terrorism in China
Intervention, war expansion, and the international sources of civil war
Shaken or stirred? Terrorism and third-party state resolve in civil war interventions
How mediator leadership transitions influence mediation effectiveness
Qui bono? Foreign military, economic, diplomatic interventions, and the termination of civil wars
External Interventions in Post-Cold War Africa, 1989–2010
Religious Institutionalism
Could rebel child soldiers prolong civil wars
Transnational veto players in conflict negotiations
Great Powers Competition in Syria
State-Building
Parameters – Full Issue – Spring 2016
Civil War from a Transnational Perspective
International Multiparty Mediation and Conflict Management
Barriers to Peace in Civil War
The Wartime Origins of Democratization
How Insurgency Begins
E pluribus unum, ex uno plures
Oil export, external prewar support for the government, and civil conflict onset
Kvifor forhandle fred? Ein analyse av forhandlingsstart i den væpna konflikten i Colombia
Determined diplomacy
Closer to home
Armed groups and intra-state conflicts
Misaligned interests and the credibility of alleged support
The Origins of Transnational Alliances
Rebel Diplomacy in Civil War
Speeding Up Success
Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) after proxy wars
Does Withdrawal of Troops After Military Intervention Reduce Rebel Groups
Do International Interventions Prolong Civil Conflicts? The Effect of Ex Ante Expectations
Third‐Party State Domestic Politics and Conflict Management During Interventions into Civil Conflicts
Costs and Cover
Natural resource wars in the shadow of the future
Sexual Violence Against Men in Civil Conflict
Mutually Assured Distrust
Civil War Diffusion and Regional Motivations for Intervention
Successful or Counterproductive Coercion? The Effect of International Sanctions on Conflict Intensity
External Supporters and Negotiated Settlement
Cut Short? United Nations Peacekeeping and Civil War Duration to Negotiated Settlements
Foulweather Friends
Expecting Elections
The Role of External Support in Civil War Termination
What Matters Is Who Supports You
Dovish Hawks
Turning the Tables
Democracy and Vulnerability
Why Onset Matters
When Organizations Rebel
Civil War Contagion and Neighboring Interventions1
Rebel Leaders, Internal Rivals, and External Resources
Rebels at the Gates
Shaking Hands with the Internal Enemy
Civil War Intervention and the Problem of Iraq1
De Facto States
Altering Capabilities or Imposing Costs? Intervention Strategy and Civil War Outcomes
External Interventions and the Duration of Civil Wars
The Robust Inference for the Cox Proportional Hazards Model
Veto Players
Greed and grievance in civil war
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country
Event History Modeling
Monitoring Trends in Global Combat
Taking Time Seriously
Committing to Peace
Transnational Rebels
Nosy Neighbors
Diplomacy and Other Forms of Intervention in Civil Wars
Expanded Trade and GDP Data
It Takes Two
Bargaining and the Nature of War
Third-party Interventions and the Duration of Intrastate Conflicts
Killing Time
Diffusion and the International Context of Democratization
Refugees and the Spread of Civil War
Veto Players and Civil War Duration
A Bargaining Model of War and Peace
Bargaining and War
Making the Most of Statistical Analyses
What Is Civil War
On the Duration of Civil War
Armed Conflict, 1989-2003
Transnational Dimensions of Civil War
Armed Conflict 1946-2001
Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer than Others
The Principle of Convergence in Wartime Negotiations
Africa's New Bloc
International Peacebuilding
| Unique citing works | 130 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,13 |
| Citation span | 2010 - 2026 (17) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 124 |