The Automaticity of Race and Afrocentric Facial Features in Social Judgments
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6200314 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Irene V Blair (0000-0002-4360-3093, University of Colorado Boulder), Charles M Judd (0000-0001-6035-5602, University of Colorado Boulder), Jennifer L Fallman (University of Colorado Boulder) |
| Year | 2004 |
| Volume | 87 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 763-778 |
| Publication date | 2004-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.87.6.763 |
| PMID | 15598105 |
| OpenAlex | W2048981729 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 105 |
| References cited | 60 |
Four experiments were conducted to examine the automaticity of stereotyping based on racial category and (within-race) Afrocentric facial features. Results showed that both forms of stereotyping are efficient processes, able to operate when cognitive resources are highly restricted. The 2 differed, however, in their controllability. Participants demonstrated that they were sensitized to race-based stereotypes and able to control that influence to a significant degree. In contrast, participants appeared to be largely unaware of using Afrocentric features to make stereotypic inferences, and they proved unable to avoid doing so, even when they were given explicit information about the process and they demonstrated that they could easily and reliably identify the relevant features
Automaticity · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Race (biology) · Social cognition · Volition (linguistics) · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Discrepancies in East Asians’ perceived actual and ideal phenotypic facial features
What does racial ascription have to do with perception of Swedishness
A Model Investigating How Cultural Appropriation Increases Group‐Based Stigma Through Racialized Objectification
Emotional resemblance
Within-group health disparities among Blacks
“Mirror, mirror…." A preliminary investigation of skin tone dissatisfaction and its impact among British adults
Racial attitudes and visual cues in political judgments
Criminal stereotypes in the courtroom
Automaticity and the Unconscious
Race and Ethnicity
A dynamic interactive theory of person construal.
Priming, Replication, and the Hardest Science
Spontaneous Inferences, Implicit Impressions, and Implicit Theories
The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal Sentencing
Unconscious influences on decision making
The Chicago face database
Looking the Part
Camera Point-of-View Exacerbates Racial Bias in Viewers of Police Use of Force Videos
The Skin Color Paradox and the American Racial Order
What Drives Racial Attitudes in Elementary School Children
Entitativity Predicts “Counter-Allyship” Towards a Black Woman Complainant of Violent Sexual Harassment Through Elevated Promiscuity Attributions
The Social Psychology of Racially Biased Policing
The Consequences of Misdiagnosing Race-Based Trauma Response in Black Men
Salience, relevance of social cues and the learning of sociolinguistic variation
Training away face-type bias
The Role of Ethnic Prejudice in the Modulation of Cradling Lateralization
Atheists and Christians can be Discerned from their Faces
Looking the Part
Knowledge About Individuals’ Interracial Friendships Is Systematically Associated With Mental Representations of Race, Traits, and Group Solidarity
More Than Meets the Eyes
The Maintenance of the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Through Judgments of Multiracial People Based on Proximity to Whiteness
Facial cues or racial hues? The role of fWHR and racial bias in perception of leadership
Assessing the speed and ease of extracting group and person information from faces
Facial Stereotype Visualization Through Image Averaging
Hypothetical Sentencing Decisions Are Associated With Actual Capital Punishment Outcomes
Victims’ Race and Sex Leads to Eyewitness Misidentification of Perpetrator’s Phenotypic Stereotypicality
Which Facial Features Are Central in Impression Formation
Black Groups Accentuate Hypodescent by Activating Threats to the Racial Hierarchy
Facial Image Manipulation
Stereotype Relevance Moderates Category Activation
Eyewitness identifications are affected by stereotypes about a suspect’s level of perceived stereotypicality
Differentially dangerous? Phenotypic racial stereotypicality increases implicit bias among ingroup and outgroup members
Empathetic identification and punitiveness
But You Don’t Look Like A Scientist
Gay and Straight Men Prefer Masculine-Presenting Gay Men for a High-Status Role
Thinking in Black and White
The Growth of Incarceration in the United States
Cognitive Bias
An eye for the I
Accuracy and awareness in the perception and categorization of male sexual orientation
Facing humanness
In perfect harmony
Perceiving groups
The face of STEM
Racial bias in judgments of physical size and formidability
Disentangling stereotype activation and stereotype application in the stereotype misperception task
Applying the attractor field model to social cognition
Better-than-chance prediction of cooperative behaviour from first and second impressions
This is Part of my Final Grade”
Avatars of Whiteness
Diversity Science
Looking Deathworthy
Hidden Sources of Anti-Muslim Attitudes
Afraid of one afraid of all
Curriculum theory and expansion of geographical and epistemological spaces of curriculum studies
Group Prototypicality and Boundary Definition
The Malign Effects of Drug and Crime Control Policies on Black Americans
Ethnic categorization of immigrants
Situating colorism in intercultural contexts
Who or what are you
Racial phenotypicality bias in educational expectations for both male and female teenagers from different socioeconomic backgrounds
Familiarity and person construal
Familiarity impacts person perception
Skin Tone and Assimilation
Une crédibilité variable
Sneaking in through the back door
The effects of category and physical features on stereotyping and evaluation
Selectively friending
Understanding the role of faces in person perception
Will you value me and do I value you? The effect of phenotypic racial stereotypicality on organizational evaluations
Target prototypicality moderates racial bias in the decision to shoot
Close but not quite
Stereotyping at the intersection of race and weight
Dissecting cross-category recognition
The way they look
The independent effects of skin tone and facial features on Whites' affective reactions to Blacks
Gay- and Lesbian-Sounding Auditory Cues Elicit Stereotyping and Discrimination
Individual Differences in Discrimination Expectations Moderate the Impact of Target Stereotypically Black Physical Features on Racism-Related Responses in Blacks
The Upside of Accents
Understanding Others
The Perceptual Determinants of Person Construal
The face and person perception
How trait impressions of faces shape subsequent mental state inferences
Does Attractiveness Lead to or Follow From Occupational Success? Findings From German Associational Football
Skin color stratification in police contact among Asian-descent people
The Impact of Colorism on Criminal Justice System Outcomes
Access to Higher Education of Afro-Peruvians
Engendering Racial Perceptions
Modern Notions of Accent-ism
Colorism in Punishment among Hispanics in the Criminal Justice System
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
Measurement of Racial Stereotype Subtyping
Automatic Activation of Stereotypes
Subgroup Prejudice Based on Skin Color Among Hispanics in the United States and Latin America
The Influence of Afrocentric Facial Features in Criminal Sentencing
Perspectives on Racial Phenotypicality Bias
Semantic priming and retrieval from lexical memory
Level of Categorization and Content of Gender Stereotypes
Stereotypes as Judgmental Heuristics
Telling more than we can know
Prejudice, discrimination, and racism
The Illusion of Conscious Will
Implicit Stereotypes and Prejudice
Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism
A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes
Cognitive Representations of Black Americans
The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice
Handbook of Social Cognition
Cognitive load and person memory
Terror management and political attitudes
Processing load and memory for stereotype‐based information
The use of Afrocentric features as cues for judgment in the presence of diagnostic information
Variability in automatic activation as an unobstrusive measure of racial attitudes
Impressions of babyfaced individuals across the life span
Best laid plans
Stereotypes and Mental Life
Category accessibility and impression formation
Measurement of Subtyping in Stereotype Change
The freezing and unfreezing of lay-inferences
Stereotyping based on apparently individuating information
Irrepressible Stereotypes
Categories and Concepts
Variability in automatic activation as an unobtrusive measure of racial attitudes
The nature of prejudice
The trouble of thinking
Perceptions of the elderly
The role of Afrocentric features in person perception
Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures
Category and stereotype activation
Goals in social information processing
Everyday base rates (sex stereotypes)
What are we really priming? Cue-based versus category-based processing of facial stimuli
Perceived consensus influences intergroup behavior and stereotype accessibility
Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping
Structure of gender stereotypes
Stereotypes and prejudice
Classification and Quantitative Judgement
Mental contamination and mental correction
Beyond behaviorism
The Negro stereotype and perceptual accentuation
Stereotyping and favorableness in the perception of Negro faces
| Unique citing works | 105 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,77 |
| Citation span | 2004 - 2026 (23) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 97 |