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Necessity is the mother of invention

Avoidance motivation stimulates creativity through cognitive effort

Bibliographic Data

ID6201130
AuthorsMarieke Roskes (0000-0002-1961-5799, University of Amsterdam), Carsten K W De Dreu (0000-0003-3692-4611, University of Amsterdam), Bernard A Nijstad (0000-0001-7882-8447)
Year2012
Volume103
Issue2
Pages242-256
Publication date2012-08-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037/a0028442
PMID22564013
OpenAlexW2014219520
LanguageEN
Citations received43
References cited48

Compared with approach motivation, avoidance motivation has often been related to reduced creativity because it evokes a relatively inflexible processing style. This finding seems inconsistent with the dual pathway to creativity model, which poses that both flexible and persistent processing styles can result in creative output. Reconciling these inconsistencies, the authors hypothesized that avoidance-motivated individuals are not unable to be creative, but they have to compensate for their inflexible processing style by effortful and controlled processing. Results of 5 experiments revealed that when individuals are avoidance motivated, they can be as creative as when they are approach motivated, but only when creativity is functional for goal achievement, motivating them to exert the extra effort (Experiments 1-4). The authors found that approach motivation was associated with cognitive flexibility and avoidance motivation with cognitive persistence (Experiment 1), that creative tasks are perceived to be more difficult by avoidance- than by approach-motivated individuals, and that avoidance-motivated individuals felt more depleted after creative performance (Experiment 2a, 2b, and 3). Finally, creative performance of avoidance-motivated individuals suffered more from a load on working memory (Study 4). The present results suggest that for people focusing on avoiding negative outcomes, creative performance is difficult and depleting, and they only pay these high cognitive costs when creativity helps achieving their goals

Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Cognitive style · Creativity · Flexibility (engineering) · Style (visual arts) · Creativity in Education and Neuroscience · Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies · Psychology · Social Psychology · Sport Psychology and Performance

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Unique citing works43
Citations per year3,07
Citation span2012 - 2026 (15)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 41

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