Focus theory of normative conduct and terror-management theory
The interactive impact of mortality salience and norm salience on social judgment
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6201348 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Eva Jonas (0000-0003-1016-3076, University of Salzburg), Andy Martens (University of Canterbury), Daniela Niesta Kayser (0000-0001-7358-3735, University of Rochester), Immo Fritsche (0000-0001-6022-8021, Friedrich Schiller University Jena), Daniel Sullivan (0000-0003-4389-4190, University of Arizona), Jeff Greenberg (0000-0002-2206-0771, University of Arizona) |
| Year | 2008 |
| Volume | 95 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1239-1251 |
| Publication date | 2008-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/a0013593 |
| PMID | 19025281 |
| OpenAlex | W2066007425 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 70 |
| References cited | 32 |
Research on terror-management theory has shown that after mortality salience (MS) people attempt to live up to cultural values. But cultures often value very different and sometimes even contradictory standards, leading to difficulties in predicting behavior as a consequence of terror-management needs. The authors report 4 studies to demonstrate that the effect of MS on people's social judgments depends on the salience of norms. In Study 1, making salient opposite norms (prosocial vs. proself) led to reactions consistent with the activated norms following MS compared with the control condition. Study 2 showed that, in combination with a pacifism prime, MS increased pacifistic attitudes. In Study 3, making salient a conservatism/security prime led people to recommend harsher bonds for an illegal prostitute when they were reminded of death, whereas a benevolence prime counteracted this effect. In Study 4 a help prime, combined with MS, increased people's helpfulness. Discussion focuses briefly on how these findings inform both terror-management theory and the focus theory of normative conduct
Cognitive psychology · Helpfulness · Mortality salience · Norm (philosophy) · Normative · Political science · Prosocial behavior · Salience (neuroscience) · Salient · Terror management theory · Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion · Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health · Law · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Mortality Salience and Its Effects on Peace Processes
Drawing attention to global climate change decreases support for war
A theoretical and empirical review of the death-thought accessibility concept in terror management research
Trio of terror (pregnancy, menstruation, and breastfeeding)
Toward a greater understanding of the emotional dynamics of the mortality salience manipulation
Pearls in the desert
A Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (Simpea).
Threat and Defense
When Death is Good for Life
When Death Is Compelling
Mortality Salience Increases Personal Relevance of the Norm of Reciprocity
Two Decades of Terror Management Theory
Collective self-justification and resistance to integration
How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Eco-Apocalypse
Dissecting the dimension of protection
(Don't Fear) the Reefer
To the Victors Go the Existential Spoils
Existential Threat Fuels Worldview Defense, but not after Priming Autonomy Orientation
Walk This Way
The Effect of War Commemorations on Support for Diplomacy
Experienced Adversity in Life Is Associated With Polarized and Affirmed Political Attitudes
Collective Reactions to Threat
Existential threat and responses to emotional displays of ingroup and outgroup members
Prejudicial reactions to the removal of Native American mascots
I am not an animal—I am an American
Closing ranks
Covid-19 and perceived risk
When thinking of my death leads to thinking of others’ deaths
The Existential Quest
How and why terrorism corrupts the consistency principle of organizational justice
Re-examining the relationship between mortality salience and prosocial behavior in Chinese context
Rally effects, threat, and attitude change
Religious magnanimity
Anxious uncertainty and reactive approach motivation (RAM)
In the shoes of the other
Bicultural Terror Management
To change, but not to preserve! Norm conformity following control threat only emerges for change norms but not for status quo norms
Mortality Salience Decreases Social Exploration When People Experience Metacognitive Ease Generating Examples of Cultural Value Adherence
How we empowers me
Muslims and Non‐Muslims
The Role of Death Anxiety and Self-Esteem in Suicide Attitudes
Death Anxiety in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
SMaRT
Empathy, Social Dominance Orientation, Mortality Salience, and Perceptions of a Criminal Defendant
Beyond terror
Generosity, greed, norms, and death – Differential effects of mortality salience on charitable behavior
Meaning threat can promote peaceful, not only military‐based approaches to intergroup conflict
Intrinsic religiosity reduces intergroup hostility under mortality salience
Change in anti‐Covid‐19 behaviour and anti‐immigrant prejudice during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Self‐transcendence as a psychological parenthood motive
Interactions do not only tell us when , but can also tell us how
When criticism is ineffective
When family interrupted work
Tit for tat in the face of death
The “true” indirect effect won't (always) stand up
Sensitivity to ingroup and outgroup norms in the association between commonality and morality
Acting collectively against air pollution
Threat causes liberals to think like conservatives
An unscathed past in the face of death
Cultural complex, death anxiety and individuation during times of populism
Psychological responses to jihadist terrorism
Death Goes to the Polls
The Influence of Existential Threat and Tolerance Salience on Anti‐Islamic Attitudes in American Politics
An Appreciative View of the Brighter Side of Terror Management Processes
Follow the Norm
The Effects of Mortality Salience and Social Dominance Orientation on Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigrants
"Counterintuitive Effects of Individualistic Diversity Discourse on "Generation Bataclan
Meet Joe Black? The effects of mortality salience and similarity on the Desire to Date in-group versus out-group members online
A Little Piece of Me
Did Hurricane Sandy influence the 2012 US presidential election
The Scrooge Effect
Managing social norms for persuasive impact
Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and Cultural Worldviews
Of Wealth and Death
Subliminal Exposure to Death-Related Stimuli Increases Defense of the Cultural Worldview
A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct
Mortality Salience, Martyrdom, and Military Might
Social Cognition and Social Perception
A meta‐analytic review of help giving and aggression from an attributional perspective
The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem
Universals in the Content and Structure of Values
The social construction of reality
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
A Focus Theory of Normative Conduct
Public Self and Private Self
On defeating death
Are There Universal Aspects in the Structure and Contents of Human Values
Terror management and tolerance
Evidence for terror management theory II
Creativity and terror management
Literal and symbolic immortality
Role of consciousness and accessibility of death-related thoughts in mortality salience effects
A Function of Form
Windows into nothingness
A focus theory of normative conduct
Stereotypes and terror management
Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility
Racial ambivalence and American value conflict
The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons
The Birth and Death of Meaning
Mortality Salience and Its Effects on Peace Processes
| Unique citing works | 70 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,89 |
| Citation span | 2008 - 2026 (19) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 64 |