Perceiving happiness in an intergroup context
The role of race and attention to the eyes in differentiating between true and false smiles
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6205902 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Justin P Friesen (0000-0002-1624-5315, University of Winnipeg), Kiyoshi Kawakami (0000-0002-5320-3472, York University), Kerry Kawakami, Larissa Vingilis‐jaremko (York University), Larissa Vingilis-Jaremko, Regis Caprara (York University), David M Sidhu (0000-0002-0881-2009, University of Calgary), Amanda Williams (0000-0002-0982-0297, University of Bristol), Kurt Hugenberg (0000-0003-1195-6916, Indiana University Bloomington), Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón (0000-0002-3489-0107, Universidad de Granada), Elena Cañadas (0000-0003-1697-3440, University of Lausanne), Paula Niedenthal, Paula M Niedenthal (0000-0003-0471-5508, University of Wisconsin–Madison) |
| Year | 2019 |
| Volume | 116 |
| Issue | 3 |
| Pages | 375-395 |
| Publication date | 2019-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/pspa0000139 |
| PMID | 30614725 |
| OpenAlex | W2910143755 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 17 |
| References cited | 96 |
The present research comprises six experiments that investigated racial biases in the perception of positive emotional expressions. In an initial study, we demonstrated that White participants distinguished more in their happiness ratings of Duchenne ("true") and non-Duchenne ("false") smiles on White compared with Black faces (Experiment 1). In a subsequent study we replicated this effect using a different set of stimuli and non-Black participants (Experiment 2). As predicted, this bias was not demonstrated by Black participants, who did not significantly differ in happiness ratings between smile types on White and Black faces (Experiment 3). Furthermore, in addition to happiness ratings, we demonstrated that non-Black participants were also more accurate when categorizing true versus false expressions on White compared with Black faces (Experiment 4). The final two studies provided evidence for the mediating role of attention to the eyes in intergroup emotion identification. In particular, eye tracking data indicated that White participants spent more time attending to the eyes of White than Black faces and that attention to the eyes predicted biases in happiness ratings between true and false smiles on White and Black faces (Experiment 5). Furthermore, an experimental manipulation focusing participants on the eyes of targets eliminated the effects of target race or perceptions of happiness (Experiment 6). Together, the findings provide novel evidence for racial biases in the identification of positive emotions and highlight the critical role of visual attention in this process. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Cognitive psychology · Context (archaeology) · Developmental psychology · Face perception · Happiness · MEDLINE · Perception · PsycINFO · Social perception · White (mutation) · Cultural Differences and Values · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Face Recognition and Perception · Psychology · Social Psychology
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| Unique citing works | 17 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 2,43 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 17 |