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One without the Other? Prediction and Policy in International Studies

Bibliographic Data

ID6273552
AuthorsKristian Skrede Gleditsch (0000-0003-4149-3211, University of Essex , UK and , Norway, corresponding author)
Year2022
Volume66
Issue3
Publication date2022-07-18
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueInternational Studies Quarterly (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0020-8833 • E-ISSN: 1468-2478
PublisherOxford University Press (PUBLISHER • GB)
DOI10.1093/isq/sqac036
OpenAlexW4285800727
LanguageEN
Citations received11
References cited50

Salient events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukrainian crisis and Russian invasion lead to interest and debate on how research can inform policy responses. Research can provide important evidence on the potential consequences of different actions with regard to specific objectives. However, research conclusions also remain uncertain and typically depend on many assumptions. I argue that since policy prescriptions entail claims about future consequences, they must be seen as predictions. Although prediction is difficult, especially about the future, we can have better and more informed discussions about policy consequences if we pay attention to what we have learned about predictions and predicting better. Moreover, beyond whether predictions are ultimately correct or not, it is useful to consider what we can learn from them. In some cases, it is more helpful to understand how specific inputs influence predictions than to focus only on approaches that maximize overall fit. Predictions may not be intended to influence policy, but research is more likely to be useful to non-academics if presented in a clear and accessible manner. Finally, since the outcomes we try to predict depend on policy choices, we can potentially improve predictions by thinking about how decisions are made.Acontecimientos destacados, como la pandemia de la COVID 19, así como la crisis en Ucrania y la invasión rusa, suscitan el interés y el debate sobre el modo en que la investigación puede suministrar información para las respuestas en materia de políticas. La investigación puede proporcionar pruebas importantes sobre las posibles consecuencias de diferentes acciones con respecto a objetivos específicos, pero, sin embargo, las conclusiones de la investigación siguen siendo inciertas y suelen depender de muchos supuestos. Sostenemos que, dado que las recomendaciones en materia de política implican aseveraciones sobre las consecuencias futuras, deben considerarse como predicciones. Aunque hacer predicciones sea difícil, especialmente sobre el futuro, podemos llevar a cabo debates, mejores y más informados, sobre las consecuencias en materia de políticas si prestamos atención a lo que hemos aprendido sobre las predicciones y a hacer mejores predicciones. Además, más allá de si las predicciones resultan ser correctas o no, es útil considerar lo que podemos aprender de ellas. En algunos casos es más útil entender como contribuciones concretas influyen en las predicciones que centrarse solo en enfoques que maximicen el grado de adecuación general. Puede que las predicciones no se destinen a influir en las políticas, pero es más probable que la investigación sea más útil para no académicos si se presenta de una manera clara y accesible. Por último, puesto que los resultados que intentamos predecir dependen de las decisiones en materia de políticas, tenemos el potencial para mejorar las predicciones si pensamos en cómo se toman las decisiones.Les événements d'importance majeure tels que la pandémie de COVID-19 ou l'invasion de l'Ukraine par la Russie incitent à se pencher sur la manière dont la recherche peut informer les réactions politiques. En effet, la recherche peut fournir des preuves cruciales sur les conséquences potentielles de diverses actions, au regard d'objectifs spécifiques. Toutefois, ses conclusions demeurent également incertaines, et s'appuient généralement sur de nombreuses hypothèses. J'avance que, dans la mesure où les mesures politiques impliquent des affirmations relatives aux conséquences futures, elles doivent être considérées comme des prédictions. Or, bien qu'il soit difficile de prévoir l'avenir, il devient possible d'avoir des discussions plus efficaces et mieux informées en matière de conséquences politiques dès lors que nous prêtons attention à ce que nous savons des prédictions, et des moyens de les améliorer. Par ailleurs, au-delà du caractère avéré ou non des prédictions, il est important de réfléchir à ce que nous pouvons apprendre d'elles. Dans certains cas, il est plus utile de comprendre comment des données spécifiques influencent des prédictions plutôt que de se focaliser sur des approches consistant à optimiser ces dernières. Si les prédictions ne doivent pas être destinées à influencer la politique, la recherche a davantage de chances d’être utile à un public non universitaire si elle est présentée d'une manière à la fois claire et accessible. Enfin, dans la mesure où les conséquences que nous essayons de prévoir dépendent de choix politiques, nous pouvons potentiellement améliorer les prédictions en réfléchissant à la manière dont les décisions sont prises

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19 · Economics · Foreign policy · Political science · Politics · Positive economics · Salient · Law · Policy Transfer and Learning · Political Conflict and Governance · Psychology · Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research

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  • Introduction

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Unique citing works11
Citations per year3,67
Citation span2023 - 2025 (3)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 11

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