Appointees versus Elected Officials
The Implications of Institutional Design on Gender Representation in Political Leadership
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6409668 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sarina Rhinehart (0000-0001-9475-5460, University of Oklahoma), Matthew J Geras (0000-0001-9939-8044, University of Illinois at Springfield), Jessica M Hayden (Western Carolina University) |
| Year | 2022 |
| Volume | 43 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 152-168 |
| Publication date | 2022-04-03 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Women & Politics (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0195-7732 • E-ISSN: 1540-9473 |
| Publisher | Informa UK Limited (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1080/1554477x.2022.1984143 |
| OpenAlex | W3206272528 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 2 |
| References cited | 60 |
We explore how institutional design, whether a position is elected or appointed, influences women's representation in state executive leadership positions, including cabinet secretaries and heads of bureaucratic agencies. We expect this relationship is conditional on if the position addresses a stereotypically feminine or masculine policy area. As women are less politically ambitious and perceive electoral disadvantages in running for masculine positions, we expect the pool of women willing to accept an appointed masculine position is greater than those willing to run for elected office. However, for feminine positions, women may perceive their gender as an advantage and are more willing to run. Using original data of state executive leaders, we find women are more likely to serve in elected than appointed feminine positions, but the opposite is true for masculine positions. This article provides insight into how institutional decisions can impact the presence of underrepresented groups in government
Bureaucracy · Business · Cabinet (room · Government (linguistics · Political science · Politics · Position (finance · Public relations · Representation (politics · State (computer science · Electoral Systems and Political Participation · Gender Diversity and Inequality · Gender Politics and Representation · Law · Psychology · Public Administration · Social Psychology
A Woman's Place Is in the House
Gender Dynamics in Congressional Elections
Sex as a Political Variable
The Dynamics of Bureaucracy in the U.S. Government
Women in the Club
The Inclusion Calculation
It Still Takes A Candidate
Direct and indirect effects of prejudice
Gender, race, and political ambition
Stronger together
Women Cabinet Ministers and Female‐Friendly Social Policy
The Contemporary Presidency
Revisiting the Administrative Presidency
Some Ceilings Have More Cracks
Existing Diversity and Judicial Selection
The Promise of Representative Bureaucracy
Voting Cues in Low-Information Elections
Two’s a Crowd
Mayoral Selection and the Demand and Supply of Women Mayors
Running Local
"Should Blacks Represent Blacks and Women Represent Women? A Contingent "Yes
Can’t Buy Them Love
Gender Stereotyping in State Executive Elections
All the President’s Men? The Appointment of Female Cabinet Ministers Worldwide
See Jane Run
Diversity and Power
Gender, Partisanship, and Candidate-Selection Mechanisms
State Effects and the Emergence and Success of Female Gubernatorial Candidates
The Representativeness of State-Level Bureaucratic Leaders
Gendered Recruitment without Trying
A Feminine Advantage? Delineating the Effects of Feminine Trait and Feminine Issue Messages on Evaluations of Female Candidates
Recruitment and Perceptions of Gender Bias in Party Leader Support
Getting to the Top
See Hillary Clinton, Nancy Pelosi, and Sarah Palin Run? Party, Ideology, and the Influence of Female Role Models on Young Women
There Can Be Only One (Woman on the Ticket)
A High Bar or a Double Standard? Gender, Competence, and Information in Political Campaigns
Women running the party and women running for Congress
Presidential Appointments and Personnel
Women Don't Run? Election Aversion and Candidate Entry
Defending the Realm
Gender Stereotypes and the Perception of Male and Female Candidates
Gender Stereotypes and Vote Choice
All Male Panels? Representation and Democratic Legitimacy
Mentoring the Next Generation of Women Candidates
Comparing Predictors of Women's Congressional Election Success
Gender Attitudes, Support for Teachers’ Strikes, and Legislative Elections
Likeable? Effective Commander in Chief? Polling on Candidate Traits in the “Year of the Presidential Woman
Diversifying State Supreme Courts
The Ties That Double Bind
Representative Bureaucracy
| Unique citing works | 2 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 1 |
| Citation span | 2024 - 2026 (3) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 2 |