Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

New directions for racial discrimination research as inspired by the integrative model

Bibliographic Data

ID8073009
AuthorsEleanor K Seaton (0000-0003-3285-4767, IR Dynamics (United States), corresponding author), Gilbert Gee (0000-0002-1716-9465), Gilbert C Gee, Enrique W Neblett (0000-0002-9584-4390), Enrique Neblett, Lisa B Spanierman (0000-0003-4878-9787)
Year2018
Volume73
Issue6
Pages768-780
Publication date2018-09-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Psychologist (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0003-066X • E-ISSN: 1935-990X
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.1037/amp0000315
PMID30188165
OpenAlexW2890394983
LanguageEN
Citations received58
References cited46

In 1996, Cynthia García Coll and colleagues introduced a groundbreaking model that articulated factors that influenced the development of ethnic-racial minority and immigrant youth. One of the key arguments was that racial discrimination is a stratification mechanism resulting in negative developmental outcomes for minority youth, and this argument has been supported by several meta-analyses. Against the backdrop of the rise of White nationalism, increasing hate crimes against ethnic-racial minority individuals, implementation of national policies that disproportionately affect communities of color, and the shift to a majority-minority country, it is imperative for future research to refine key aspects of the integrative model that are intricately connected to these trends. The present article offers recommendations for future research in 4 areas: (1) expansion of segregation indicators to include mass incarceration and mass deportation, (2) expansion of the study of resilience factors among minority youth, (3) application of the integrative model to White youth, and (4) the development of comprehensive measures and utilization of diverse methodologies. It is imperative that future research clarify these issues to further understanding of the development of all children in the context of racial discrimination. (PsycINFO Database Record

Asian americans · Context (archaeology · Criminology · Deportation · Ethnic group · Geography · Immigration · MEDLINE · Model minority · Normative · Political science · Psychological resilience · PsycINFO · Racism · Sociology · Early Childhood Education and Development · Migration, Health and Trauma · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Gender Studies · Law · Social Psychology

  • The Development and Validation of the Ethnic-Racial Identity Developmental Dynamics Scale (ERIDDS)

    Open Access•Pauline Ho, Xiangyun Tang•Identity•2026

  • When Race Becomes Central

    Open Access•Courtney S Thomas Tobin, Angela Gutierrez•Sociological Focus•2026

  • How do direct and vicarious racism and connectedness in school contexts matter for adolescent suicidality

    Open Access•Adam Benzekri, Lauren Mims et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2026

  • The Importance of Biobehavioral Research to Examine the Physiological Effects of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Latinx Population

    Open Access•Airín Denise Martínez, Evelyn Mercado et al.•Frontiers in Public Health•2022

  • The Sins of the Parents Are to Be Laid Upon the Children

    Open Access•Merrick R Osborne, Ali Omrani et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2024

  • Impact of belonging and discrimination on psychological well-being among transitioning adults

    Open Access•Michele Heath, Karen M Keptner•Current Psychology•2024

  • Combatting risk with resilience

    Open Access•Christine Emuka, Juliana E Karras•Journal of Adolescence•2024

  • Adolescents’ developing awareness of inequality

    Open Access•Laura Wray-Lake, Lauren Alvis et al.•Child Development•2023

  • Advancing scholarship on anti-racism within developmental science

    Open Access•Shauna M Cooper, Noelle M Hurd et al.•Child Development•2022

  • White children's empathy-related responding and prosocial behavior toward White and Black children

    Open Access•Tracy L Spinrad, Nancy Eisenberg et al.•Child Development•2023

  • Chinese DLL’s Chinese-English bilingual vocabulary development in the face of discrimination

    Sihui Ke•Applied Linguistics Review•2026

  • Application of the Enduring Legacy of the Integrative Model to Investigating White Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Development

    Open Access•Megan Satterthwaite-Freiman, Adriana J Umaña‐taylor et al.•Human Development•2024

  • Daily multidimensional racial discrimination among Black U.S. American adolescents

    Open Access•Diana English, Devin English et al.•Journal of Applied Developmental…•2019

  • Identity in the school context

    Open Access•Lisa Bardach, Valentin Emslander et al.•Developmental Review•2026

  • In This Together? Exploring Moderating and Mediating Effects of Shared Racial Fate on the Predictive Role of Racial Socialization and Discrimination on Black Activism

    Open Access•Alex A Ajayi, Tabitha Grier-Reed et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2022

  • Examining Multiracial Pride, Identity-Based Challenges, and Discrimination

    Open Access•N Keita Christophe, Annabelle L Atkin et al.•Race and Social Problems•2022

  • What is culture? Systems of people, places, and practices

    José M Causadias•Applied Developmental Science•2020

  • Examining the Academic Achievement of Latinx Students from an Early Lifespan and Intersectional Perspective

    Esther J Calzada, Lalaine Sevillano et al.•Journal of Latinos and Education•2024

  • Mexican-origin parents’ workplace discrimination and well-being

    Lorey A Wheeler, Kimberly A Updegraff et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2021

  • Replication of the Police and Law Enforcement (PLE) Scale and extension to intersectional race/ethnicity and gender identity groupings

    Open Access•Hector Ismael Lopez-Vergara, Jodi M Sutherland Charvis et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2025

  • Pubertal timing as a moderator between general discrimination experiences and self-esteem among African American and Caribbean Black youth

    Open Access•Eleanor K Seaton, Rona Carter•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2019

  • Ethnic enclaves, discrimination, and stress among Asian American women

    B N Morey, Gilbert Gee et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2020

  • Black Emotions Matter

    Open Access•Fantasy T Lozada, Tennisha N Riley et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2021

  • What's Whiteness Got to do With it

    Open Access•Eleanor K Seaton•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Spotlighting Black Adolescent Development in the Shadow of Racism

    Open Access•Vonnie C Mcloyd•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Confronting Whiteness in Developmental Science

    Open Access•Lisa B Spanierman•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Racial discrimination and anti‐racist action

    Open Access•Michael Park, B Woo et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2025

  • Everyday discrimination, emotion, and daily interactions during adolescence

    Open Access•Danny Rahal, Virginia W Huynh et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2023

  • White Youths’ Allyship on Instagram During the 2020 Black Lives Matter Movement

    Open Access•Elena Maker Castro, Miranda P Dotson et al.•Journal of Adolescent Research•2025

  • Changes in African American and Latinx Students’ Perceived Ethnic–Racial Discrimination During the Middle School Transition Year

    Open Access•Marisa E Marraccini, Jill V Hamm et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2021

  • Pathways linking ethnic marginalization to Latino/a youth's academic success via depressive symptoms

    Open Access•Esther J Calzada, Roushanac Partovi et al.•Journal of Applied Developmental…•2025

  • The Substance and Circumstances of Race and Immigration Talk in High School Gender and Sexuality Alliances

    Open Access•Jerel P Calzo, Hirokazu Yoshikawa et al.•American Journal of Community…•2021

  • Examining Ethnic-Racial Identity Negative Affect, Centrality, and Intergroup Contact Attitudes Among White Adolescents

    Open Access•Megan Satterthwaite-Freiman, Michael R Sladek et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2023

  • Youth’s Experiences of the Devaluing of Their Contributions Due to Their Ethnicity and Gender

    Open Access•Andrew J Fuligni, Xochitl Arlene Smola et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2022

  • The Interdisciplinary Model of African American Students’ Academic Profile

    Open Access•T Mcgee•The Urban Review•2024

  • Racial discrimination predicts depressive symptoms throughout adolescence among Black youth

    Open Access•Justin A Lavner, Mei Ling Ong et al.•Developmental Psychology•2023

  • Engagement Coping Responses to Adolescents’ Negative Racialized Experiences

    Open Access•Ciara Smalls Glover, Aisha Walker et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Skin color as a predictor of mental health in young Latinx children

    Open Access•Esther J Calzada, Yeonwoo Kim et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2019

  • Racism measurement and influences, variations on scientific racism, and a vision

    Open Access•Enrique W Neblett•Social Science & Medicine•2022

  • A Daily Examination of African American Adolescents’ Racial Discrimination, Parental Racial Socialization, and Psychological Affect

    Open Access•Bridget L Cheeks, Tabbye M Chavous et al.•Child Development•2020

  • Racial Socialization Messages in White Parents' Discussions of Current Events Involving Racism With Their Adolescents

    Open Access•Jamie L Abaied, Sylvia P Perry et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Daily Discrimination and Affect in Latinx Adolescent‐Parent Dyads Residing in Northeast United States

    Open Access•Mayra Y Bámaca, Griselda Martinez et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • A Retrospective Analysis of Racial Discrimination Experiences for Latinx Adolescents and Young Adults

    Open Access•Michelle C Pasco, Nilda Flores‐gonzález et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Development of a support for Black Lives Matter measure among racially–ethnically diverse college students

    Open Access•Hyung Chol Yoo, Annabelle L Atkin et al.•American Journal of Community…•2021

  • Perceived Discrimination at School and Developmental Outcomes among Bai Adolescents

    Open Access•Zhao Lifen, Lifen Zhao et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • A Luta Continua

    Open Access•Eleanor K Seaton•Child Development Perspectives•2020

  • The Development and Validation of the Familial Support of Multiracial Experiences Scale

    Open Access•Annabelle L Atkin, N Keita Christophe et al.•The Counseling Psychologist•2021

  • Racism and health

    Enrique W Neblett•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2019

  • Bringing psychological science to bear on racial health disparities

    V Volpe, Danyelle N Dawson et al.•Translational Issues in…•2019

  • Perceived monoracism and psychological adjustment of multiracial adults

    Open Access•Abigail K Gabriel, Hyung Chol Yoo et al.•American Journal of Community…•2021

  • Confronting whiteness

    Open Access•Juliana E Karras, Erika Y Niwa et al.•Journal of Social Issues•2021

  • Chinese American adolescents’ experiences of Covid-19 racial discrimination

    Charissa S L Cheah, Xiaoli Zong et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2021

  • Studying Ethnic‐Racial Identity among White Youth

    Open Access•Ursula Moffitt, Leoandra Onnie Rogers•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Black Lives Matter! Adolescent Research Incrementally Dismantles Racism and Systems of Oppression

    Open Access•Dawn P Witherspoon, Laura Wray-Lake et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Something You Can See, Hear, and Feel

    Open Access•Josefina Bañales, Adriana Aldana et al.•Journal of Adolescent Research•2021

  • Black Lives, White Kids

    Open Access•Allison P Anoll, Andrew M Engelhardt et al.•Perspectives on Politics•2022

  • White Parents' Racial Socialization

    Open Access•Courtney Hagan, Amy G Halberstadt et al.•Journal of Family Issues•2024

  • How Collection of Racial Demographics Highlights or Hides Participants' Multiraciality

    Open Access•N Keita Christophe, Annabelle L Atkin et al.•Race and Social Problems•2025

  • Future Directions in Research on Racism-Related Stress and Racial-Ethnic Protective Factors for Black Youth

    Shawn C T Jones, Enrique W Neblett•Journal of Clinical Child &…•2017

  • Self-Reported Experiences of Discrimination and Health

    Tené T Lewis, Courtney D Cogburn et al.•Annual Review of Clinical…•2015

  • The Asian American Racism-Related Stress Inventory

    Christopher T H Liang, Lisa C Li et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2004

  • Measurement of Diversity

    Open Access•Edward Simpson, E H SIMPSON•Nature•1949

  • Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies

    Sumi Cho, Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw et al.•Signs: Journal of Women in…•2013

  • Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health

    David R Williams, Harold W Neighbors et al.•American Journal of Public Health•2003

  • Trajectories of perceived adult and peer discrimination among Black, Latino, and Asian American adolescents

    Melissa L Greene, Niobe Way et al.•Developmental Psychology•2006

  • Cultural Orientation as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Chinese American Adolescents’ Discrimination Experiences and Delinquent Behaviors

    Open Access•Shiying Deng, Y Kim et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2009

  • Role of identity integration on the relationship between perceived racial discrimination and psychological adjustment of multiracial people

    Kelly F Jackson, Hyung Chol Yoo et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2012

  • Predictors of African American and European American adolescents' endorsement of race-conscious social policies

    Julie Milligan Hughes, Rebecca S Bigler•Developmental Psychology•2010

  • Ethnic Identity and Approach-Type Coping as Moderators of the Racial Discrimination/Well-Being Relation in Asian Americans

    Hyung Chol Yoo, Raymond M Lee•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2005

  • The lagged effects of racial discrimination on depressive symptomology and interactions with racial identity

    Lori S Hoggard, Christy M Byrd et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2015

  • Pathways to Drinking Among Hispanic/Latino Adolescents

    Silvia L Acosta, Michelle M Hospital et al.•Journal of Ethnicity in Substance…•2015

  • A Longitudinal Examination of Latino Adolescents' Ethnic Identity, Coping With Discrimination, and Self-Esteem

    Open Access•Adriana J Umaña‐taylor, Delfino Vargas Chanes et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2008

  • Racial Discrimination and Depressive Symptoms Among Cambodian American Adolescents

    Open Access•Cindy Sangalang, Cindy C Sangalang et al.•Journal of Community Psychology•2015

  • School diversity and racial discrimination among African-American adolescents

    Eleanor K Seaton, Sara Douglas et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2014

  • Relations Between Colorblind Socialization and Children’s Racial Bias

    Open Access•Erin Pahlke, Rebecca S Bigler et al.•Child Development•2012

  • Online racial discrimination and the protective function of ethnic identity and self-esteem for African American adolescents

    Brendesha M Tynes, Adriana J Umaña‐taylor et al.•Developmental Psychology•2012

  • Racial Identity Matters

    Open Access•Robert M Sellers, Nikeea Copeland‐Linder et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2006

  • Latino adolescents’ perceived discrimination in online and offline settings

    Adriana J Umaña‐taylor, Brendesha M Tynes et al.•Developmental Psychology•2014

  • Psychosocial Costs of Racism to Whites Scale (PCRW)

    Lisa B Spanierman, Mary J Heppner•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2004

  • Fitting In

    Open Access•Stephanie Potochnick, Krista M Perreira et al.•Social Science Quarterly•2012

  • Discrimination Hurts

    Open Access•Virginia W Huynh, Andrew J Fuligni•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2010

  • Latino adolescents’ mental health

    Open Access•Adriana J Umaña‐taylor, Kimberly A Updegraff•Journal of Adolescence•2006

  • A Moderated Mediation Model

    Open Access•Eleanor K Seaton, Rachel Upton et al.•Child Development•2013

  • Construction and initial validation of the Gendered Racial Microaggressions Scale for Black women

    Jioni A Lewis, H A Neville•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2015

  • Patterns of Racial Socialization and Psychological Adjustment

    Open Access•Enrique W Neblett, Rhonda L White et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2008

  • Perceived Racial Discrimination and Self‐Esteem in African American Youth

    Open Access•April Harris‐Britt, Cecelia Valrie et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2007

  • School and Neighborhood Contexts, Perceptions of Racial Discrimination, and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Eleanor K Seaton, Tiffany Yip•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2008

  • Construction and initial validation of the Multiracial Experiences Measure (MEM)

    Hyung Chol Yoo, Kelly F Jackson et al.•Journal of Counseling Psychology•2015

  • Racial Socialization Experiences and Symptoms of Depression among Black Youth

    Open Access•Gwendolyn Y Davis, Howard C Stevenson•Journal of Child and Family Studies•2006

  • A multidimensional conceptualization of racism-related stress

    Shelly P Harrell•American Journal of Orthopsychiatry•2000

  • Ethnic and Racial Identity During Adolescence and Into Young Adulthood

    Open Access•Adriana J Umaña‐taylor, Stephen M Quintana et al.•Child Development•2014

  • Community-level prejudice and mortality among immigrant groups

    Open Access•B N Morey, Gilbert Gee et al.•Social Science & Medicine•2018

  • Mexican Immigrant Families Under Siege

    Open Access•Cecilia Ayón, David Becerra et al.•Advances in Social Work•2013

  • Rethinking Historical Trauma

    Open Access•L J Kirmayer, J P Gone et al.•Transcultural Psychiatry•2014

  • Other People's Racism

    Open Access•Jessica Halliday Hardie, Karolyn Tyson•Sociology of Education•2013

  • The Sociology of Discrimination

    Devah Pager, H Shepherd•Annual Review of Sociology•2008

  • Punishment Regimes and the Multilevel Effects of Parental Incarceration

    Holly Foster, J Hagan•Annual Review of Sociology•2015

  • Years AfterBrown

    Sean F Reardon, Ann Marie Deer Owens et al.•Annual Review of Sociology•2014

  • White Racial Socialization

    Open Access•Margaret A Hagerman•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2017

  • White families and race

    Margaret A Hagerman•Ethnic and Racial Studies•2014

  • Structural Racism and Health Inequities

    Open Access•Gilbert Gee, Gilbert C Gee et al.•Du Bois Review Social Science…•2011

Unique citing works58
Citations per year8,29
Citation span2019 - 2026 (8)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 56

Tools

Open DOI
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae