Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Racial Identity, Racial Discrimination, and Classroom Engagement Outcomes Among Black Girls and Boys in Predominantly Black and Predominantly White School Districts

Bibliographic Data

ID8094825
AuthorsSeanna Leath (University of Michigan, corresponding author), Channing J Mathews (0000-0002-4716-2299, University of Michigan), Channing Mathews (University of Michigan), Asya Harrison (University of Michigan), Tabbye Chavous (University of Michigan), Tabbye M Chavous (0000-0003-1386-5495, University of Michigan)
Year2019
Volume56
Issue4
Pages1318-1352
Publication date2019-01-04
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessYes
TypeARTICLE
VenueAmerican Educational Research Journal (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0002-8312 • E-ISSN: 1935-1011
PublisherSAGE Publishing (PUBLISHER • US)
DOI10.3102/0002831218816955
OpenAlexW2907021924
LanguageEN
Citations received71
References cited80

This study examined the associations among racial identity beliefs (centrality and public regard), racial discrimination, and academic engagement outcomes among 1,659 African American adolescents across two demographically distinct school districts, one predominantly Black, working class ( n = 1,100) and one predominantly White, middle class ( n = 559). Across these districts, the youths reported that race was a central aspect of their identity and demonstrated varying levels of public regard. Racial discrimination was negatively associated with academic curiosity and persistence, but this effect was moderated by gender and racial identity. Our findings demonstrate the harmful influence of discrimination on the academic engagement of African American adolescents and the protective roles of racial identity beliefs across gender and school racial contexts

African american · Developmental psychology · Ethnic group · Identity (music · Race (biology · Racial differences · Racism · Sociology · White (mutation · Critical Race Theory in Education · Early Childhood Education and Development · Gender Studies · Psychology · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research · Social Psychology

  • Youth Perspectives on School Safety

    Open Access•Meagan Call-Cummings, Samantha Viano et al.•The Urban Review•2026

  • A strengths-based qualitative exploration of academic motivation strategies among lower-income Black college women attending PWIs

    Open Access•Leath, Martinque Jones et al.•Journal of African American Women…•2021

  • Resilience

    Open Access•Isabelle M Elisha, Rayven-Nikkita Collins•Policy Insights from the…•2022

  • Mediational Effect of Teacher-Based Discrimination on Academic Performance

    Open Access•Eric Kyere, Saahoon Hong et al.•Education Sciences•2023

  • Psychology’s Contributions to Anti-Blackness in the United States Within Psychological Research, Criminal Justice, and Mental Health

    Open Access•Evan Auguste, Molly A Bowdring et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2023

  • Leveraging technology

    Patricia Garcia, Cecilia Fernandez et al.•Learning Media and Technology•2020

  • Race Placed

    Open Access•Hardy Murphy, Cassandra Cole et al.•Educational Policy•2025

  • Spatial-structural inequalities in education

    John C Hayvon•Higher Education Research &…•2025

  • Police discrimination among Black, Latina/x/o, and White adolescents

    Open Access•Katharine H Zeiders, Adriana J Umaña‐taylor et al.•Journal of Adolescence•2021

  • Advancing a Science of Learning and Development That Can Promote Dignity-Affirming Educational Environments

    Open Access•Tabbye M Chavous, Manuel Luis Espinoza et al.•Review of Research in Education•2023

  • Students’ Perceptions of Their Rights in School

    Open Access•L Perry-Hazan•Review of Educational Research•2021

  • School Racial Climate and the Racialized Experiences of Racially Minoritized Youth in Schools

    Open Access•Alexandrea R Golden, A Gale et al.•Review of Educational Research•2025

  • Educating Black Girls Enduring Microaggressions in an Oreo World

    Gina A S Robinson•Religious Education•2023

  • How does culture fit into de‐implementation? A scoping review of empirical research

    Open Access•Andryce Clinkscales, Courtenay A Barrett et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2024

  • A multicultural, gender, and sexually diverse affirming school‐based consultation framework

    Open Access•Jeffrey Brown, Jeffrey M Brown et al.•Psychology in the Schools•2022

  • Cares360

    Open Access•Jessika H Bottiani, Meredith P Franco et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2025

  • Teachers' racialized anger

    Open Access•Kamilah B Legette, Andrew J Supple et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2023

  • Intersectionality and school racial climate to create schools as sites of fairness and liberation for Black girls

    Open Access•Charity Brown Griffin, Jamelia N Harris et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2024

  • The Cultural Humility Scale for Students

    Open Access•Emily Srisarajivakul, Emily N Srisarajivakul et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2023

  • “I Wanted to Make a Difference!” Black Male Post-Secondary Students’ Negotiations of Racial and Academic Identities

    Open Access•Beverly‐jean Daniel, Beverly-Jean M Daniel•Social Sciences•2026

  • Racial Discrimination, Black Identity, and Critical Consciousness in Spain

    Open Access•Angeles Cea De Ancona•Race and Social Problems•2023

  • Institutionelle Diskriminierung aus der Perspektive von Intersektionalität? Zur Wahrnehmung mehrfacher institutioneller Diskriminierung bzw. struktureller Gewalt durch junge Frauen in der Schule

    Open Access•Eva Dalhaus•ZQF – Zeitschrift für Qualitative…•2023

  • Measurement Equivalence Across Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Intersectional Identity for the Perceived Discrimination Scale Among Middle-School-Aged Black, Latinx, and White Youth

    Open Access•Carolyn E Sartor, Margret Z Powell et al.•Journal of Racial and Ethnic…•2026

  • The Status and Contributing Factors of University Students’ Learning Engagement over (2013-2024)

    Open Access•Wei Zhong, Ghayth Kamel Shaker Al-Shaibani et al.•SAGE Open•2025

  • What Are the White Kids Learning? (De)Constructing White Identities in a School with an Anti-Racist Agenda

    Open Access•Brandon D Dull, Leoandra Onnie Rogers et al.•American Educational Research…•2026

  • Help! My teacher is racist

    Open Access•Joseph M Williams, Blaire Cholewa•Journal of Counseling & Development•2024

  • Nourishing Educational Success

    Open Access•Drew Bonner, N Davis et al.•Sociological Inquiry•2025

  • Reciprocal Relationships between Disrespect Sensitivity, Racial Discrimination, and Aggression in African American Youth

    Carlos N Espinoza, Marlon Goering et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • Racial Discrimination to Bullying Behavior among White and Black Adolescents in the USA

    Open Access•J S Hong, Dong Ha Kim et al.•International Journal of…•2022

  • School Violence, School Bonding and Adherence to School Norms and its Association with Life Satisfaction Among Chilean and Foreign Students

    Open Access•Jorge J Varela, Constanza González et al.•Child Indicators Research•2023

  • Teachers think the kids around here, don't really want to learn”

    Open Access•Y A Payne, Ann M Aviles et al.•Sociology Compass•2022

  • The moderating effect of perceived social support from friends in the associations between school-based racial discrimination and academic outcomes among Latinx adolescents

    Open Access•Michelle F Wright, Sebastian Wach•Social Psychology of Education•2023

  • A daily diary study on associations between school-based ethnic discrimination and school engagement

    Open Access•Sauro Civitillo, Philipp Jugert et al.•Social Psychology of Education•2024

  • Considering multiple levels of influence on adjustment in school

    Open Access•Adam J Hoffman, Stephanie A Pullés et al.•Social Development•2020

  • Embracing Diversity in Multi-Racial Classrooms through Pedagogical Strategies

    Open Access•Kofi Nkonkonya Mpuangnan•Journal of Intercultural…•2025

  • Identifying and defining racial battle fatigue manifestations among black students

    Blair A Baker•Race Ethnicity and Education•2026

  • Black Adolescent Boys’ Perceived School Mattering

    Open Access•Robert Lincoln Carey, Camila Polanco et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2021

  • Examining Critical Reflection as a Mediator Between School Racial Climate Experiences and Anti‐Racist Action

    Open Access•Alexandrea R Golden, Christy M Byrd•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Directionality explored

    Open Access•Natasha C Johnson, Stephanie J Rowley et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2024

  • School Discrimination, Discipline Inequities, and Adjustment Among Black Adolescent Girls and Boys

    Open Access•Shauna M Cooper, Marketa Burnett et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2022

  • Thinking and working with ‘diasporic education’

    Open Access•Reza Gholami•International Studies in…•2022

  • Relational Cultural Theory and Intervention Approaches with Adolescent Girls

    Open Access•Kylie Evans, Kari O’Donnell•Affilia•2024

  • Incongruent Impressions

    Open Access•Yasmin Cole-Lewis, Yasmin C O Cole-Lewis et al.•Journal of Adolescent Research•2021

  • Professional development in multicultural education

    Open Access•Ceren Su Abacioglu, Agneta Fischer et al.•Teaching and Teacher Education•2022

  • Black adolescent altruism

    Open Access•Kayla J Fike, Jacqueline S Mattis et al.•Children and Youth Services Review•2023

  • Examining Black adolescents’ perceptions of in-school racial discrimination

    Open Access•A Gale•Children and Youth Services Review•2020

  • A Black feminist youth participatory action research photovoice exploration of Black girls and college women

    Open Access•Ashley N Payne•American Journal of Community…•2023

  • Assessing Invariance of Universal Ethnic-Racial Identity Measures Among Black Adolescents in the United States

    Open Access•Abunya Agi-Garratt, Kristia A Wantchekon et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2023

  • How I Make It Through

    Open Access•Stephen Vinson, Stephen Michael Vinson•Youth & Society•2026

  • Healing Invisible Wounds

    Open Access•Tanya J Middleton•Urban Education•2026

  • Race-gender D/Discourses in Mathematics Education

    Open Access•Daniel L Reinholz, Anne Garrison Wilhelm•Urban Education•2024

  • Centering Ethnic-Racial Identity in Education Framework

    Open Access•Hillary Parkhouse, Chelsea L Derlan et al.•Educational Researcher•2026

  • Do Schools Reduce or Exacerbate Inequality? How the Associations Between Student Achievement and Achievement Growth Influence Our Understanding of the Role of Schooling

    Open Access•Hanna Dumont, Douglas D Ready•American Educational Research…•2020

  • Do Coping Responses and Racial Identity Promote School Adjustment Among Black Youth? Applying an Equity-Elaborated Social–Emotional Learning Lens

    Open Access•Charity Brown Griffin, Deleon Gray et al.•Urban Education•2020

  • Profiles of ethnic‐racial socialization from family, school, neighborhood, and the Internet

    Open Access•Christy M Byrd, Lydia Harim Ahn•Journal of Community Psychology•2020

  • Gender and Racial Identity Moderate the Effects of Online and Offline Discrimination on Mental Health

    Open Access•Tiani R Perkins, Myles I Durkee et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2021

  • Perceived Discrimination and Motivation to Pursue Higher Education in Ethiopian-Origin Students

    Open Access•Ortal Slobodin, Tamar Icekson et al.•Frontiers in Psychology•2021

  • Academic affect shapes the relationship between racial discrimination and longitudinal college attitudes

    Open Access•Myles I Durkee, Tiani R Perkins et al.•Social Psychology of Education•2020

  • Examining school ethnic-racial socialization in the link between race-related stress and academic well-being among African American and Latinx adolescents

    Open Access•Farzana T Saleem, Farzana Saleem et al.•Journal of School Psychology•2022

  • Is my manager feeling threatened by me? Racial differences in content and activation of threat metastereotypes

    Open Access•Jennifer L Nelson, J Stuart Nelson et al.•Social Science Research•2026

  • Criminalized or Stigmatized? An Intersectional Power Analysis of the Charter School Treatment of Black and Latino Boys

    Open Access•Robert Lincoln Carey•Urban Education•2025

  • Writing In, Speaking Out

    Amanda Davis Simpfenderfer, Peter Knox et al.•Educational Studies•2025

  • The Adolescent Self-System and Academic Achievement

    Open Access•Audrey Conway Roberts, Margaret Zoller Booth et al.•Youth & Society•2024

  • An Examination of Ecological Factors Predicting Depressed Mood Among Adolescents

    Open Access•Jennifer L Doty, Nicolette Corley Grajo et al.•Youth & Society•2025

  • Investigating School Racial Climate and Private Racial Regard as Risk and Protector Factors for Black High School Students' School Engagement

    Open Access•Charity Brown Griffin, Rashunda L Stitt et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2020

  • Mulheres negras na EJA

    Open Access•Flavia Souza Rocha Lima, Lara Mendes Christ Bonella Sepulcri et al.•Revista Brasileira de Educação•2024

  • Black women in EJA

    Open Access•Flavia Souza Rocha Lima, Lara Mendes Christ Bonella Sepulcri et al.•Revista Brasileira de Educação•2024

  • Mental Health across the Early Life Course at the Intersection of Race, Skin Tone, and School Racial Context

    Open Access•T W Hargrove•Social Forces•2024

  • Understanding multiple identities

    Khanday Mudasir Ahmad, Hiral Shah•Social Identities•2025

  • Black Lives Are Beautiful

    Open Access•Janeé M Steele, Charmeka S Newton•Journal of Black Studies•2025

  • Does the Context of Racial Discrimination Matter for Adolescent School Outcomes

    Open Access•A Gale, Marquitta S Dorsey et al.•Race and Social Problems•2020

  • Bad Boys

    Ann Ferguson, Ann Arnett Ferguson•Bad boys•2000

  • The Promise of Racial and Ethnic Protective Factors in Promoting Ethnic Minority Youth Development

    Open Access•Enrique W Neblett, Deborah Rivas-Drake et al.•Child Development Perspectives•2012

  • Ethnic and Racial Identity in Adolescence

    Open Access•Deborah Rivas-Drake, Eleanor K Seaton et al.•Child Development•2014

  • How Does It Feel to Be a Problem? Black Male Students, Schools, and Learning in Enhancing the Knowledge Base to Disrupt Deficit Frameworks

    Open Access•Tyrone C Howard•Review of Research in Education•2013

  • What it takes to do well in school and whether I've got it

    Ellen A Skinner, James G Wellborn et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•1990

  • Two Strikes

    Open Access•Jason A Okonofua, Jennifer L Eberhardt•Psychological Science•2015

  • Promoting academic achievement

    Oseela Thomas, Oseela N Thomas et al.•Journal of Educational Psychology•2009

  • Identity Processes among Racial and Ethnic Minority Children in America

    Margaret Beale Spencer, Carol Markstrom-Adams et al.•Child Development•1990

  • Can racial identity be promotive of academic efficacy?

    Open Access•Daphna Oyserman, Kathy Harrison et al.•International Journal of…•2001

  • Computational Tools for Probing Interactions in Multiple Linear Regression, Multilevel Modeling, and Latent Curve Analysis

    Open Access•Kristopher J Preacher, Patrick J Curran et al.•Journal of Educational and…•2006

  • A Motivational Perspective on Engagement and Disaffection

    Open Access•Ellen A Skinner, Thomas A Kindermann et al.•Educational and Psychological…•2009

  • Who Really Cares? The Disenfranchisement of African American Males in PreK-12 Schools

    Open Access•Tyrone C Howard•Teachers College Record The Voice…•2008

  • Ethnic/racial identity and academic achievement

    Open Access•Dana Miller‐cotto, Dana Miller-Cotto et al.•Developmental Review•2016

  • Gendered Racial Identity and Involvement with School

    Daphna Oyserman, Deborah Bybee et al.•Self and Identity•2003

  • A Theoretical and Empirical Examination of Identity as Coping

    Margaret Beale Spencer, Suzanne G Fegley et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2003

  • I Have Goals to Prove All Those People Wrong and Not Fit Into Any One of Those Boxes”

    Open Access•Leoandra Onnie Rogers, Niobe Way•Journal of Adolescent Research•2015

  • Neighborhood Racial Composition and Perceptions of Racial Discrimination

    Open Access•Matthew O Hunt, Lauren A Wise et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•2007

  • African American Adolescents’ Academic Persistence

    Open Access•Sheretta T Butler-Barne, Sheretta T Butler-Barnes et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2013

  • Black students' school success

    Open Access•Signithia Fordham, John U Ogbu•The Urban Review•1986

  • I have to be three steps ahead”

    Open Access•Anthony Graham, Kenneth Alonzo Anderson•The Urban Review•2008

  • I’m not running around with my pants sagging, so how am I not acting like a lady?”

    Open Access•Amy Murphy, Amy S Murphy et al.•The Urban Review•2013

  • Descendants of “Ruth

    Open Access•Ayanna F Brown•The Urban Review•2011

  • Unmasking the Inequitable Discipline Experiences of Urban Black Girls

    Open Access•Jamilia J Blake, Bettie Ray Butler et al.•The Urban Review•2011

  • Ogbu Revisited

    Open Access•Diane A M Archer-Banks, Linda S Behar‐Horenstein et al.•Urban Education•2012

  • Academic Motivation and Achievement Among Urban Adolescents

    Open Access•Joyce F Long, Shinichi Monoi et al.•Urban Education•2007

  • Black Males' Structural Conditions, Achievement Patterns, Normative Needs, and “Opportunities”

    Open Access•Dena Phillips Swanson, Michael Cunningham et al.•Urban Education•2003

  • For Colored Girls? Factors that Influence Teacher Recommendations into Advanced Courses for Black Girls

    Open Access•Shanyce L Campbell•The Review of Black Political…•2012

  • The Whiter the Better? Racial Composition and Access to School Resources for Black Students

    Open Access•Timothy M Diette•The Review of Black Political…•2011

  • Gender matters, too

    Tabbye M Chavous, Deborah Rivas-Drake et al.•Developmental Psychology•2008

  • Examining the Influence of Perceived Discrimination During African American Adolescents’ Early Years of High School

    Open Access•Aisha R Thompson, Andrea Gregory et al.•Education and Urban Society•2011

  • School Structural Characteristics, Student Effort, Peer Associations, and Parental Involvement

    Open Access•Endya B Stewart•Education and Urban Society•2008

  • Dispositions toward (Collective) Struggle and Educational Resilience in the Inner City

    Open Access•Carla O’connor, Carla O'Connor•American Educational Research…•1997

  • Racial identity and depressive symptoms among Black emerging adults

    Noelle M Hurd, Robert M Sellers et al.•Developmental Psychology•2012

  • Sociocultural Factors and School Engagement Among African American Youth

    Aryn M Dotterer, Susan M Mchale et al.•Applied Developmental Science•2009

  • Racial Identity Matters

    Open Access•Robert M Sellers, Nikeea Copeland‐Linder et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2006

  • Interracial and Intraracial Contact, School-Level Diversity, and Change in Racial Identity Status Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Tiffany Yip, Eleanor K Seaton et al.•Child Development•2010

  • A measure of racial identity in African American adolescents

    Krista Maywalt Scottham, Robert M Sellers et al.•Cultural Diversity & Ethnic…•2008

  • Discrimination Distress During Adolescence

    Open Access•Celia B Fisher, Scyatta A Wallace et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2000

  • The Influence of Ethnic Discrimination and Ethnic Identification on African American adolescents' School and Socioemotional Adjustment

    Open Access•Carol Wong, Carol A Wong et al.•Journal of Personality•2003

  • Racial Identity and Academic Attainment Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Tabbye M Chavous, Debra H Bernat et al.•Child Development•2003

  • Considering Friends Within the Context of Peers in School for the Development of Ethnic/Racial Identity

    Open Access•Sara Douglas, Sara Douglass et al.•Journal of Youth and Adolescence•2016

  • Public Ethnic Regard and Perceived Socioeconomic Stratification

    Open Access•Deborah Rivas-Drake, Diane Hughes et al.•The Journal of Early Adolescence•2008

  • Mirror, Mirror on the Wall

    Open Access•Sabrina Zirkel, Tabora Johnson•Educational Researcher•2016

  • Racial Identity, School Racial Climate, and School Intrinsic Motivation Among African American Youth

    Open Access•Christy M Byrd, Tabbye Chavous et al.•Journal of Research on Adolescence•2011

  • From the Achievement Gap to the Education Debt

    Open Access•Gloria Ladson-Billings•Educational Researcher•2006

  • A socially contextualized model of African American identity

    Daphna Oyserman, Larry Gant et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity

    Robert M Sellers, Stephanie J Rowley et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination

    Robert M Sellers, J Nicole Shelton•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • White Teachers in Urban Classrooms

    Open Access•Barry M Goldenberg•Urban Education•2013

  • "Students "at Risk

    Open Access•Carl E James•Urban Education•2011

  • The Social Psychology of Stigma

    Brenda Major, Lia O’brien et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2004

  • Multidimensional Model of Racial Identity

    Open Access•Robert M Sellers, Mia Smith Bynum et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1998

  • The Relationship Between Black Racial Identity and Academic Achievement in Urban Settings

    Brian E Harper, Brian Harper•Theory Into Practice•2007

  • Race, Class, and Gender in America

    Carla O’connor, Carla O''Connor et al.•Sociology of Education•1999

  • Racial Identity, Racial Discrimination, Perceived Stress, and Psychological Distress among African American Young Adults

    Robert M Sellers, Cleopatra H Caldwell et al.•Journal of Health and Social…•2003

  • Tuck in that Shirt!' Race, Class, Gender, and Discipline in an Urban School

    Open Access•Edward W Morris•Sociological Perspectives•2005

  • (Un)Necessary Toughness

    Open Access•Joy L Lei•Anthropology & Education Quarterly•2003

  • Academic Identity

    Open Access•Sheretta T Butler-Barne, Sheretta T Butler-Barnes et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2017

  • Prosocial Behaviors of Black Adolescent Boys

    Open Access•Fantasy T Lozada, Robert J Jagers et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2017

  • Culture, Racial Socialization, and Positive African American Youth Development

    Open Access•Cheryl Grills, Deanna Cooke et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2016

  • Prosocial Involvement Among African American Young Adults

    Open Access•Rhonda L White-Johnson•Journal of Black Psychology•2012

  • Racial Ideological Beliefs and Racial Discrimination Experiences as Predictors of Academic Engagement Among African American Adolescents

    Open Access•Ciara Smalls, Rhonda White et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2007

  • African American Adolescents' Discrimination Experiences and Academic Achievement

    Open Access•Enrique W Neblett, Cheri L Philip et al.•Journal of Black Psychology•2006

  • Ladies' or 'Loudies

    Open Access•Edward W Morris•Youth & Society•2007

  • Once You Go to a White School, You Kind of Adapt

    Open Access•Simone Ispa-Landa, J A Conwell et al.•Sociology of Education•2015

  • Gender, Race, and Justifications for Group Exclusion

    Open Access•Simone Ispa-Landa•Sociology of Education•2013

  • Only Here for the Day

    Open Access•Megan M Holland•Sociology of Education•2012

  • The Construction of Black High-Achiever Identities in a Predominantly White High School

    Open Access•Dorinda J Carter Andrews•Anthropology & Education Quarterly•2009

Unique citing works71
Citations per year11,83
Citation span2020 - 2026 (7)
Citation velocitycurrent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 70

Tools

Open DOISci-Hub
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae