Thinking fast, not slow
How cognitive biases may contribute to racial disparities in the use of force in police-citizen encounters
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 10913045 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Daniel P Mears (0000-0001-8594-5350, Florida State University, corresponding author), Miltonette Olivia Craig (0000-0002-2352-4574, Florida State University), Eric A Stewart (0000-0003-1110-2400, Florida State University), P Y Warren (0000-0001-5824-281X, Florida State University) |
| Year | 2017 |
| Volume | 53 |
| Pages | 12-24 |
| Publication date | 2017-11-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Criminal Justice (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0047-2352 • E-ISSN: 1873-6203 |
| Publisher | Elsevier BV (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2017.09.001 |
| OpenAlex | W2755359897 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 27 |
| References cited | 158 |
Cognition · Cognitive bias · Context (archaeology · Criminal justice · Criminology · Heuristics · Officer · Political science · Race (biology · Racial profiling · Sociology · Computer Science · Crime Patterns and Interventions · Law · Policing Practices and Perceptions · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Fundamentals of Criminological and Criminal Justice Inquiry
Have Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Juvenile Justice Declined Over Time? An Empirical Assessment of the DMC Mandate
Drivers of Racial Disparities
Psychological and sociological factors influencing police officers' decisions to use force
Police-mental health partnerships and persons with severe mental illness
Exploring the association between income inequality, racial composition, and fatal police shootings in U.S. counties (2015–2022)
The Impact of Suspect Resistance, Informational Justice, and Interpersonal Justice on Time Until Police Use of Physical Force
The intersecting associations between race and ethnicity, skin color, and perceived unfair treatment by police
A Comprehensive Examination on Police Use of Force From Individual, Situational, and Structural Perspectives
Is it a rally or a riot? Racialized media framing of 2020 protests in the United States
Race and the Probability of Police Injury
Racial Disparities in Use of Force against Incarcerated People
On the decision-making framework for policing
I just took the beating”
Divided loyalty
The undelivered dream
More Talent, More Leeway
Embedding Implicit Bias Education into Curricular Interventions
Examining police perceptions of challenges in policing adolescents
Police as threat
Low self-control and the adolescent police stop
Police use of force and its video coverage
Police body-worn cameras and fatal police shootings
Situational factors and police use of force across micro‐time intervals
Steps Toward Transformation
Exploring the Effect of Counterstereotype and Perspective Taking in Reducing Bias and Promoting Empathy in Police
Skin color stratification in police contact among Asian-descent people
The functions of the police in modern society
Taming the System
Police Discretion Not to Invoke the Criminal Process
The Police Officer's Dilemma
Police Education, Experience, and the Use of Force
Ambiguity in Social Categorization
Just Following Orders
Ironic Effects of Racial Bias During Interracial Interactions
The Consequences of Race for Police Officers' Responses to Criminal Suspects
Police use of force
Minority perceptions of the police
Police use of force
The Racial and Ethnic Typification of Crime and The Criminal Typification of Race and Ethnicity in Local Television News
On the Social Foundations for Crimmigration
Neighborhood Context and Police Use of Force
Justifying violence
Levels of Nonlethal Force
Police Use Of Force And Suspect Resistance
Citizens' Perceptions of Distributive and Procedural Injustice During Traffic Stops with Police
Protecting Whiteness
Aversive Racism
The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration
Racial Disparities in Prosecution, Sentencing, and Punishment
When Police Kill
The Development of Implicit Attitudes
Reassessing and Redirecting Research on Race and Sentencing
Punished
Black Criminal Stereotypes and Racial Profiling
Recent Developments and New Directions in Sentencing Research
Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust
Perceptual distortion and reasonableness during police shootings
Police Don't Like Black People”
Toward a National Database of Officer‐Involved Shootings
A Bird's Eye View of Civilians Killed by Police in 2015
Toward a National Estimate of Police Use of Nonlethal Force
Making Black Lives Matter
Critical Assessment of an Analysis of a Journalistic Compendium of Citizens Killed by Police Gunfire
Forever the Symbolic Assailant
Police Use of Force and the Suspect with Mental Illness
Race, Crime, and the Micro‐Ecology of Deadly Force
Transactional Encounters, Crisis‐Driven Reform, and the Potential for a National Police Deadly Force Database
Police officers' perceptual distortions during lethal force situations
Either They Don't Know or They Don't Care
Police organisation and deadly force
Police use of nonlethal force in New York City
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Crime and Criminal Justice in the United States
Community and Problem‐Oriented Policing
Reinventing American Policing
Dissecting the Complexities of the Relationship Between Police Officer–Civilian Race/Ethnicity Dyads and Less-Than-Lethal Use of Force
The Effect of Less-Lethal Weapons on Injuries in Police Use-of-Force Events
Was there a Ferguson Effect on crime rates in large U.S. cities
A note on the status of discretion in police research
Explaining suspects' resistance and disrespect toward police
Sensitivity to the Ferguson Effect
Assessing the racial aspects of police force using the implicit- and counter-bias perspectives
Improving criminal justice through better decision making
General systems theory and criminal justice
Forcible Stops
Beyond Profiling
The World Is Not Black and White
Stereotyping and evaluation in implicit race bias
Racial Stratification and the Durable Tangle of Neighborhood Inequality
Latino Youths' Experiences with and Perceptions of Involuntary Police Encounters
Enhancing Police Legitimacy
We Never Call the Cops and Here Is Why
Police Disrespect Toward the Public
The Social Ecology of Police Misconduct
Racial Typification of Crime and Support for Punitive Measures
Long-term reduction in implicit race bias
Black and blue
Young Black Men and Urban Policing in the United States
Police Service Dogs in the Use-of-Force Continuum
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test
Conceptualizing Control in Social Cognition
Predicting ethnic and racial discrimination
Monopolizing force? Police legitimacy and public attitudes toward the acceptability of violence
Staying out of Sight? Concentrated Policing and Local Political Action
Racial Disparities in Official Assessments of Juvenile Offenders
Contemporary Hate Crimes, Law Enforcement, and the Legacy of Racial Violence
Toward a synthesis of cognitive biases
Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community
The Role of Procedural Justice and Legitimacy in Shaping Public Support for Policing
A Theory of African American Offending
American Policing Under Fire
Police Discretion and Boredom
Gender and Crime
Racial Profiling and Use of Force in Police Stops
The salience of skin tone
The typification of Hispanics as criminals and support for punitive crime control policies
| Unique citing works | 27 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,86 |
| Citation span | 2019 - 2026 (8) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 27 |