Motivation in African Americans
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23314528 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Sandra Graham (0000-0003-3526-7277, University of California, Los Angeles, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1994 |
| Volume | 64 |
| Issue | 1 |
| Pages | 55-117 |
| Publication date | 1994-03-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Review of Educational Research (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0034-6543 • E-ISSN: 1935-1046 |
| Publisher | American Educational Research Association (AERA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.3102/00346543064001055 |
| OpenAlex | W2116375446 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 126 |
| References cited | 162 |
Close to 140 studies comprising an African-American empirical literature on motivation were reviewed. The review was organized around five topics subsumed under three broader assumptions about the relationship between ethnic minority status and motivation. First, research on the achievement motive was reviewed to examine the belief that African Americans lack certain personality traits deemed necessary for achievement strivings. Second, the empirical literatures on locus of control and causal attributions were summarized to investigate the assumption that African Americans are less likely to believe in internal or personal control of outcomes, the belief system that theoretically should accompany high achievement-related behavior. And third, research on expectancy of success and self-concept of ability was reviewed to examine the hypothesis that African Americans have negative self-views about their competence. None of these assumptions was supported in the review. In fact, African Americans appear to maintain a belief in personal control, have high expectancies, and enjoy positive self-regard. Some of the conceptual and methodological limitations of this research were discussed. The article concludes with six suggested principles of a motivational psychology for African Americans that might serve as guides for future research.
Attribution · Competence (human resources) · Developmental psychology · Empirical research · Epistemology · Ethnic group · Expectancy theory · Locus of control · Need for achievement · Personality · Sociology · Cognitive Abilities and Testing · Education, Achievement, and Giftedness · Psychological and Temporal Perspectives Research · Psychology · Social Psychology
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Academic Motivation Scale With Black College Students
Identification with School
Gender Differences in the Educational Expectations of Urban, Low-Income African American Youth
Race, Class, and Gender in America
Factors influencing racial comparisons of self-esteem
Race From the Inside
Coping With Ethnic Stereotypes in the Academic Domain
A question of belonging
Distinguishing institutional identification from academic goal pursuit
Does Geographic Setting Alter the Roles of Academically Supportive Factors? African American Adolescents' Friendships, Math Self-concept, and Math Performance
Enhancing the Motivation of African American Students
A Deconstructive Look at the Myth of Race and Motivation
The relations of majority-minority group status and having an other-religion friend to Indonesian youths' socioemotional functioning
Creating a scale to measure motivation to achieve academically
Connecting Self-Esteem and Achievement
Racial Identity and Academic Attainment Among African American Adolescents
Reflected Appraisals, Academic Self-Perceptions, and Math/Science Performance During Early Adolescence.
Exploring achievement values among ethnic minority early adolescents.
The Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs Instudent Engagement and Learning Intheclassroom
A Motivational Science Perspective on the Role of Student Motivation in Learning and Teaching Contexts.
Avoiding the demonstration of lack of ability
Self-Efficacy Beliefs, Motivation, and Achievement in Writing
Family influences on school achievement in low-income, African American children.
Academic success among students at risk for school failure.
School Belonging and the African American Adolescent
Academic Resilience in Mathematics among Poor and Minority Students
Performance-approach goals
Interpersonal Relationships, Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement
The Development of Academic Self-Efficacy
The Development of Epistemological Theories
An Appraisal Perspective of Teacher Burnout
The Development of Competence Beliefs, Expectancies for Success, and Achievement Values from Childhood through Adolescence
Sources of Self-Efficacy in School
Development of Achievement Motivation and Engagement
The Development of Academic Self-Regulation
Motivation as an Enabler for Academic Success
Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Academic Settings
Gender and motivation
Sources of academic and self-regulatory efficacy beliefs of entering middle school students
The Mentor’s Dilemma
Belief in U.S. Government Conspiracies Against Blacks among Black and White College Students
Self-Efficacy, Motivation Constructs, and Mathematics Performance of Entering Middle School Students
Achievement Goals and Student Well-Being
Toward a theoretical model to understand teacher emotions and teacher burnout in the context of student misbehavior
Coping with Stigma through Psychological Disengagement
Can racial identity be promotive of academic efficacy?
Changes in epistemological beliefs in elementary science students
The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning
Examining racial and family educational background differences in high school student beliefs and attitudes toward academic performance
Stereotypes of Achievement Striving Among Early Adolescents
The Change in Middle School Students’ Achievement Goals in Mathematics Over Time
Parents, teachers, and peers
Psychometric Properties of the Multidimensional-Multiattributional Causality Scale
Science success, narrative theories of personality, and race self complexity
Cultural Identification and Academic Achievement Among African American Males
Race, Resistance, and the Redefinition of Motivation
Gendered Narration of Agency and Communion in Significant Autobiographical Memories Among Older Black and White Americans
Social-ecological pathways to school motivation and future orientation of African American adolescents in Chicago
High school students’ academic causal attributions in the cultural-political context of the Arab school system in Israel
Differences between African American and European American first-year college students in the relationship between self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and academic achievement
Mathematics self-efficacy
Between and within ethnic differences in strategic learning
Comparison of Dutch ethnic minority and majority engineering students
African American males in higher education
Factors Related to Self-Esteem Among African America Youths
Child, Mother, Father, and Teacher Beliefs About Child Academic Competence
It is more than a degree
Women, Motivation, and Achievement
Victimization and Safety in Schools Serving Early Adolescents
Aggressive and Nonaggressive Young Adolescents’ Attributions of Intent in Teacher/Student Interactions
Measuring Students' Identification with School
Research on Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations
Relation of Reading Motivation to Reading Achievement in Seventh-Grade Students From Kenya and the United States
Ethnicity, Ethnic Identity, and Adolescent Narcissism
Using an expectancy-value approach to examine teachers’ motivational strategies
Investigating pre-service teacher motivation across cultures using the Teachers’ Ten Statements Test
Teaching strategies that honor and motivate inner-city African–American students
Do Elementary Students Reading Motivation Levels Differ by Racial/Ethnic And/Or Immigrant Background
Coping with Negative Stereotypes about Intellectual Performance
On the Meaning of Grit…and Hope…and Fate Control…and Alienation…and Locus of Control…and…Self-Efficacy…and…Effort Optimism…and
Expectation Formation for All? Group Differences in Student Response to Signals about Academic Performance
What People Want From Their Leisure
The Cultural Historical Complexity of Human Personality Adaptation
The Implications of Disciplinary Literacy
Parental Expectations for Children's Future Athletic Achievement
Happiness in modern society
Academic Achievement of African American Preadolescents
Racial Pride and Religiosity among African American Boys
Understanding the Association Between School Climate and Future Orientation
Promotive and Corrosive Factors in African American Students’ Math Beliefs and Achievement
Further Evidence of an Engagement–Achievement Paradox Among U.S. High School Students
Sense of Belonging Among High School Students Representing 4 Ethnic Groups
Student Achievement for Whom? High-performing and Still ‘Playing the Game,’ the Meaning of School Achievement Among High Achieving African American Students
Exploring the Role of Family Support and Ethnic Pride in Cultivating the Academic and Career Resourcefulness of Underserved Youth in an Afterschool Program
The Relationship of Gender and Academic Performance to Motivation
Academic Motivation and Achievement Among Urban Adolescents
Schooling and Delinquency among White and African American Adolescents
Academic Competition among Students of Color
African American Males and Literacy Development in Contexts That are Characteristically Urban
Cultural Mistrust, Academic Outcome Expectations, and Outcome Values among African American Adolescent Men
Attribution theory
Black and white self-esteem
Personality.
The achieving society.
An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion
Making the Grade
Achievement in the First 2 Years of School
Beliefs and Achievement
The Relationship Between Self and Achievement/Performance Measures
The Prediction of Social Action from a Dimension of Internal-External Control
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Black children
Equality of educational opportunity
The achievement motive.
Some Attitudinal and Behavioral Correlates of a Belief in Militant or Moderate Social Action
Race, the Achievement Syndrome, and Perception of Opportunity
Factor Analytic Study of the Children's Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale'
A personality correlate of social action1
Children's estimates of their schoolwork ability, as a function of sex, race, and socioeconomic level1
The effect of subject's race and other's race on judgments of causality for success and failure
Atypical patterns in locus of control and nonadaptive behavior
Children's Feelings of Personal Control as Related to Social Class and Ethnic Group1
Predicting Locus of Control in Black and White College Students
Black Identity and Self-Esteem
Internal-External Control and Black College Students' Attributions of Causality for Own and Others' Performance
Social Desirability Response Bias in Children's Locus of Control Reports
Social Class, Race and Junior High School Students' Belief in Personal Control
Internal-External Control Expectancies in Black Children of Differing Socioeconomic Status
Expectancies of Unemployable Males regarding Source of Control of Reinforcement
Intellectual Achievement Responsibility in Negro and White Children
Beliefs in Internal-External Control of Reinforcement among Blacks in Integrated and Segregated High Schools
Level of Aspiration and Locus of Control in Disadvantaged Children
Differences between Blacks' and Whites' Expectations of Control by Chance and Powerful others
Locus of Control in Negro and White Children at Four Age Levels
The study of culture, ethnicity, and race in American psychology
Sex role socialization and the development of achievement motivation in black preschool children
Locus of control, historical context, and black physical self-perception
The Achievement Syndrome in Lower-Class Boys
The Psychosocial Origins of Achievement Motivation
Ethnic Differences in Beliefs About Control
Initial Effects of Desegregation on the Achievement Motivation of Negro Elementary School Children
Internal‐External Control in the Motivational Dynamics of Negro Youth
Internal‐External Control and Black Militancy 1
A Critique of Personality Approaches to Negro Performance, With Research Suggestions
Delay of gratification as a function of race of the experimenter
Interaction of locus of control and type of performance feedback
Effect of achievement on the aspiration behavior of black and white children
Aspiration responses among Negro and white adolescents
Internal-external control and competent and innovative behavior among Negro college students
Questions about social class, internality-externality, and test anxiety
Locus of control, sex role orientation, and self-concept in Black and White third- and sixth-grade male and female leaders in a rural community
Group measure of locus of control
Children's perceptions of success and failure
Self-esteem, success-failure, and locus of control in Negro children
A cognitive-developmental analysis of achievement and moral judgments
Delay of gratification and internal versus external control among adolescents of low socioeconomic status
Personal orientation and reactions to success and failure in urban black children
Expectations and achievement among third-, sixth-, and ninth-grade Black and White males and females
Achievement Performance of Internally and Externally Oriented Black and White High School Students Under Conditions of Competition and Co‐operation Expectancies
Most of the subjects were White and middle class
Ethnic differences in adolescent achievement
Achievement Motivation
A Research Note on the Self-Perception of Youth
Sociocultural and Educational Correlates of Success-Failure Attributions and Evaluation Anxiety in the School Setting for Black, Hispanic, and Anglo Children
Schoolwork-Ability Estimates and Aspirations as a Function of Socioeconomic Level, Race, and Sex
Social stigma and self-esteem
Blacks versus whites
Black-White Differences in Self-Esteem
Level and stability of self-esteem in relation to academic behavior of second graders
Self-concepts, self-esteem, and educational experiences
The American Negro
Need achievement as a function of the race and sex of figures of selected TAT cards
Rotter's internal-external scale
An attributional analysis of achievement motivation
Effects of interviewer-respondent race interactions on household interview measures of motivation and intelligence
Effects of locus of control and type of feedback on the task performance of lower-class black children
Mood and personality correlates of IQ by race and sex of subject
Risk taking in Negro and white adults
Instrumentality effects in the assessment of racial differences in self-esteem
Communicating sympathy and anger to Black and White children
Human agency in social cognitive theory
Race, Ethnicity, and the Achievement Syndrome
A further test of the Thompson TAT rationale
Social Status and Educational and Occupational Aspiration
Alienation and Learning in a Hospital Setting
Mobility Orientation and Stratification of 1,000 Ninth Graders
Some correlates of high need for achievement among urban northern negroes
Racial and Family Experience Correlates of Mobility Aspiration
Levels of Aspiration and Social Class
An experimental critique of assumptions underlying the Negro version of the TAT
To Dispel Fantasies About Fantasy-Based Measures of Achievement Motivation
Illusion and well-being
Durability and impact of the locus of control construct
Effects of Changes in Academic Roles on Self-Concept-of-Academic Ability of Black and White Compensatory Education Students
Negro Personality Correlates of Aspiration to Traditionally Open and Closed Occupations
Black Or White Socio-Economically Disadvantaged Pupils-They Aren't Necessarily Inferior
Negro and White Children. A Psychological Study in the Rural South
Black Self-Esteem and Desegregated Schools
Self-Esteem and Achievement of Black and White Adolescents
| Unique citing works | 126 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,06 |
| Citation span | 1995 - 2026 (32) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 111 |