Early Development of Executive Function
A Problem-Solving Framework
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23360820 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Philip David Zelazo (0000-0001-6017-2988, University of Toronto, corresponding author), Alice S Carter (0000-0001-9861-1560, Yale University), Alice Carter (0000-0002-3783-1372, Yale University), J Steven Reznick (0000-0003-2076-2531, Yale University), Douglas Frye (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Year | 1997 |
| Volume | 1 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 198-226 |
| Publication date | 1997-06-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Review of General Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1089-2680 • E-ISSN: 1939-1552 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1037/1089-2680.1.2.198 |
| OpenAlex | W1973287994 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 123 |
| References cited | 148 |
Executive function (EF) accounts have now been offered for several disorders with childhood onset (e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism, early-treated phenylketonuria), and EF has been linked to the development of numerous abilities (e.g., attention, rule use, theory of mind). However, efforts to explain behavior in terms of EF have been hampered by an inadequate characterization of EF itself. What is the function that is accomplished by EF? The present analysis attempts to ground the construct of EF in an account of problem solving and thereby to integrate temporally and functionally distinct aspects of EF within a coherent framework. According to this problem-solving framework, EF is a macroconstruct that spans 4 phases of problem solving (representation, planning, execution, and evaluation). When analyzed into subfunctions, macroconstructs such as EF permit the integration of findings from disparate content domains, which are often studied in isolation from the broader context of reasoning and action. A review of the literature on the early development of EF reveals converging evidence for domain-general changes in all aspects of EF.
Autism · Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Cognitive science · Construct (python library) · Context (archaeology) · Developmental psychology · Domain specificity · Executive functions · Function (biology) · Isolation (microbiology) · Representation (politics) · Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder · Autism Spectrum Disorder Research · Child and Animal Learning Development · Computer Science · Neuroscience · Psychology
Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Function in Young Children
The Role of Child Characteristics and Peer Experiences in the Development of Peer Cooperation
Dimensions of executive functioning
Individual differences in executive functions are almost entirely genetic in origin.
Negative Affect and Planning Ability in Preschool Children
Relations as rules
Infant attention to intentional action predicts preschool theory of mind
When all signs point to you
Rule selection versus rule execution in preschoolers
A structured observation of behavioral self-regulation and its contribution to kindergarten outcomes
Cohort effects in children’s delay of gratification
Understanding developmental changes in the stability and flexibility of spatial categories based on object relatedness
Verbal deception from late childhood to middle adolescence and its relation to executive functioning skills
Robot programming versus block play in early childhood education
Deviant Peer Behavior and Adolescent Delinquency
Improving students’ ability to intuitively infer resistance from magnitude of current and potential difference information
Examining the Association Between Executive Functions and Developmental Domains of Low-Income Children in the United States and Turkey
School readiness
Antecedent-Contained Deletion
Negation
Vagueness
Politeness
Metonymy
Word Senses
Scalar Implicatures
Counterfactuals
Exhaustivity in It -Clefts
Constraint-Based Pragmatic Processing
Theory of Mind
Language Comprehension, Inference, and Alternatives
Plurality
Genericity
Focus
Pronouns
Verbal Uncertainty
Quantifier Spreading
Presuppositions, Projection, and Accommodation
Reference and Informativeness
Emotional Development
Modified Numerals
Distributivity
Adjective Meaning and Scales
Negative Polarity Items
Event (De)composition
Spatial Terms
Ironic Utterances
Metaphor
Turn-Taking
Quantification
Prosody and Meaning
Constructing an understanding of mind
Fine Motor Skills and Executive Function Both Contribute to Kindergarten Achievement
Executive Function and the Frontal Lobes
From little white lies to filthy liars
Conceptualization and Operationalization of Executive Function
An integrated critical thinking framework for the 21st century
Bilingual experience and executive functioning in young children
The Potential for School-Based Interventions That Target Executive Function to Improve Academic Achievement
Individual differences in executive functioning and theory of mind
Inhibitory control and emotion regulation in preschool children
The Effect of a Classroom-Based Intensive Robotics and Programming Workshop on Sequencing Ability in Early Childhood
The Elusive Nature of Executive Functions
Social and Cognitive Correlates of Children’s Lying Behavior
From External Regulation to Self-Regulation
Exploring the nature of cognitive flexibility
Executive function and the promotion of social–emotional competence
How specific is the relation between executive function and theory of mind? Contributions of inhibitory control and working memory
Computational thinking and tinkering
Annual Research Review
Developmentally Sensitive Measures of Executive Function in Preschool Children
Neurocognitive and Physiological Prerequisites for Prevention of Adolescent Drug Abuse
Examining the Relations Among Emerging Adult Coping, Executive Function, and Anxiety
Childhood Maltreatment Impacts Cognitive Function in Emerging Adulthood
Impact of an Individualized Cognitive Training Intervention in Preschoolers from Poor Homes
Language and Cognitive Shifting
Highly Structured Treatment Programs for Addicted Offenders
Combined Unplugged and Educational Robotics Training to Promote Computational Thinking and Cognitive Abilities in Preschoolers
Tracing Progress in Children’s Executive Functioning and Language Abilities Related to Reading Comprehension via ExeFun-Read Intervention
Interpretational Complexities in Developmental Research and a Piagetian Reading of the False-Belief Task
The impact of learning to code on higher-order executive-functions
A bibliometric analysis of executive functions in autism spectrum disorder
Integration of problem-based learning in elementary computer science education
Questions that Fuel the Mind
The Advantage of Disadvantage
Impulsivity or Discounting? Evaluating the Influence of Individual Differences in Temporal Orientation on Offending
Virtual reality based executive function training in schools
The cognitive effects of computational thinking
Technological solutions for promoting employees' knowledge levels and practical skills
Executive functioning and divergent thinking predict creative problem-solving in young adults and elderlies
Poverty and economic decision making
Effects of cognitive control strategies on coding learning outcomes in early childhood
Remembering before acting
Emerging Computer Skills
Persistence in the Face of Academic Challenge for Economically Disadvantaged Children
Teachers' Theory‐of‐mind Coaching and Children's Executive Function Predict the Training Effect of Sociodramatic Play on Children's Theory of Mind
Rough-and-Tumble Play and the Development of Physical Aggression and Emotion Regulation
Does executive function mediate SES and home quality associations with academic readiness
Executive function and verbal self-regulation in childhood
Emergent bilingual children during the silent period
The Effect of Hot Executive Function on Children's Test with the Standard Windows Task
Human problem solving
How to Solve It
Thought and language.
Plans and the structure of behavior.
From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure
The origins of intelligence in children.
The Second Year
On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition
A continuous performance test of brain damage.
Theory of mind and rule-based reasoning
Mechanization in problem solving
An age-related dissociation between knowing rules and using them
On problem-solving.
Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology
The relationship between cognition and action
Involuntary covert orienting is contingent on attentional control settings.
Specific impairments of planning
Elements of a theory of human problem solving.
Episodic Memory and Autonoetic Conciousness
Abstract and concrete behavior an experimental study with special tests.
A mathematical model for the transition rule in Piaget's developmental stages
A process dissociation framework
Small-Scale Deceit
Children's Understanding of Representational Change and Its Relation to the Understanding of False Belief and the Appearance-Reality Distinction
The rise and fall of the inhibitory mechanism
Age differences in performance on the Stroop Color-Word test1
Higher Cortical Functions in Man
Higher Cortical Functions in Man
Hypothesis theory and the development of conceptual learning
Half a century of research on the Stroop effect
Plans and the Structure of Behavior
An Invitation to Cognitive Science
Cognitive and language skills in autistic, mentally retarded, and normal children
Antecedents of self-regulation
Autistic children's difficulty with mental disengagement from an object
Where do I go next? Intelligent searching by very young children
Response control and the execution of verbal rules
Inference and action in early causal reasoning
Maturation of Maze Behavior in Preschool Children
Inferential problem solving in young children
A featural analysis of preschoolers' counting knowledge
Wayfinding and toddlers' use of information from an aerial view of a maze
The Selected Writings of A. R. Luria
The Directive Function of Speech in Development and Dissolution
Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes
Memory span
Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions
The Directive Function of Speech in Development and Dissolution
| Unique citing works | 123 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 4,56 |
| Citation span | 1999 - 2026 (28) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 109 |