The Role of Gender and Immersion in Communication and Second Language Orientations
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 4501685 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Susan C Baker (0000-0002-7593-0267), Susan Baker (0000-0002-5616-4157, Cape Breton University), Peter D Macintyre (0000-0002-1085-6692, Cape Breton University) |
| Year | 2003 |
| Volume | 53 |
| Issue | S1 |
| Pages | 65-96 |
| Publication date | 2003-05-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Language Learning (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0023-8333 • E-ISSN: 1467-9922 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/0023-8333.00224 |
| OpenAlex | W2320558018 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 134 |
| References cited | 34 |
The present study examines the nonlinguistic outcomes of an immersion versus a nonimmersion program. The dependent variables included attitudes toward learning French, orientations for learning, willingness to communicate, communication anxiety, perceived communicative competence, and self-reported frequency of communication in both English (L1) and French (L2). Immersion students indicated higher willingness to communicate, lower communication anxiety, higher perceived communicative competence, and more frequentcommunication only in the French language. Among the nonimmersion students, perceived competence was strongly correlated with willingness to communicate, but among the immersion students, communication anxiety correlated most strongly with willingness to communicate. Male nonimmersion students showed the least positive attitudes toward learning French; female nonimmersion students showed higher endorsement of three of the four language learningorientations
Communicative competence · Competence (human resources) · Conversation · First language · French immersion · Grammar · Immersion (mathematics) · Language acquisition · Language proficiency · Linguistics · Mathematics education · Pedagogy · Willingness to communicate · Communication · Discourse Analysis in Language Studies · EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning · Psychology · Second Language Acquisition and Learning · Second Language Learning and Teaching · Social Psychology
Factors affecting willingness to communicate in a Spanish university context
Selected Determinants of Pronunciation Anxiety
Action control, motivated strategies, and integrative motivation as predictors of language learning affect and the intention to continue learning French
An examination of the dynamic feature of WTC through dyadic group interaction
Investigating situational willingness to communicate within second language classrooms from an ecological perspective
The Influence of the Language that Hong Kong Primary School Students Habitually Speak at Home on their Chinese Reading Ability in School
A comparison of English and Chinese reading proficiency of primary school Chinese students
The role of grit and classroom enjoyment in EFL learners’ willingness to communicate
Measuring Language-related Outcomes of Community-based Learning in Intermediate Spanish Courses
Language‐Learning Motivation During Short‐Term Study Abroad
An Exploration of Chinese EFL Learners' Unwillingness to Communicate and Foreign Language Anxiety
Willingness to Communicate in the Second Language
A Dynamic System Approach to Willingness to Communicate
Learning More about our Learners
Learning motivation among international students
Defining Oracy
Exploring the predictors of foreign language anxiety
Adult Chinese as a Second Language Learners' Willingness to Communicate in Chinese
Impact of English Instruction Amount on Omani Students' Willingness to Communicate in English
The Effectiveness of Intercultural Contact in Foreign Language Learning Anxiety of Students Majoring in Less-commonly Taught Languages in China
How Social Support and Foreign Language Anxiety Impact Willingness to Communicate in English in an EFL Classroom
The Role of Motivation and Gender in English Language Learning for Saudi Students
Learners’ Dialogical Interaction in the Service of Linguistic Knowledge Acquisition in Group Settings
How Do Patients Define Satisfaction? The Role of Patient Perceptions of Their Participation and Health Provider Emotional Expression
Bridging the Gap Between Willingness to Communicate and Learner Talk
The role of Informal Digital Learning of English in Korean and Swedish EFL learners’ communication behaviour
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between foreign language anxiety and academic achievement in Chinese language learners
Patterns and Explanatory Factors of Language Proficiency in a Sample of Secondary School Students, with Special Regard to the English Language
Willingness to Communicate and Second Language Proficiency
The Role of Positive and Negative Emotions in Shaping Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language
On the Role of Passion in Second Language Learning and Flourishing
An empirical study of the efficacy of AI chatbots for English as a foreign language learning in primary education
Examining the role of gelotophobia for willingness to communicate and second language achievement using self- and teacher ratings
Enjoyment and Grit as mediators between informal digital learning English, basic psychology needs, and willingness to communicate among English as a foreign language university students
Comparing the effects of intelligent personal assistant-human and human-human interactions on EFL learners’ willingness to communicate beyond the classroom
Second language anxiety in conversation and its relationship with speakers’ perceptions of the interaction and their social networks
Unraveling willingness to communicate in Chinese as a second language
Ai in e-learning
Mindsets Matter for Linguistic Minority Students
Exploring the hierarchical antecedents of willingness to communicate and its relationship with utterance fluency in learning Chinese as a foreign language
Foreign language anxiety and its mediating role on Chinese language proficiency
Motivation and Communicative Attitudes Among Japanese Efl Pupils
Examining Peer Language Use and Investment in a Distinct North American Immersion Context
L2 Willingness to Communicate and Perceived Accent Strength
Two at the time
A Multi-Nation Validation Portfolio for a Willingness to Communicate Measure
Willingness to Communicate in Intercultural Interactions between Chinese and Americans
Cooperating or competing in three languages
Secondary school EFL students' in-class willingness to communicate in CLIL-based bilingual and non-bilingual programmes in Andalusia
Multiculturalism and multilingualism in higher education
Predicting Language Learners' Grades in the L1, L2, L3 and L4
From EFL to ESL
The role of language use and communication in Mainland Chinese students’ cross-cultural adaptation to Hong Kong
Gender, Identity and Intercultural Transformation in Second Language Socialisation
Inclusive CLIL
The role of group dynamics in low‐achieving EFL students’ speaking development
Affective factors in Korean as a Foreign Language
Do hours matter? The relationship between motivation and study intensity in learners of English in Scotland
Willingness to communicate and action control
Anxiety and predictors of performance in the foreign language classroom
The impact of learning contexts on proficiency, attitudes, and L2 communication
A language ideological perspective on willingness to communicate
The mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between foreign language anxiety and learning burnout among college students with different language environments
Investigating the dynamic nature of L2 willingness to communicate
Communicating in a second language
The predictive power of sociobiographical and language variables on foreign language anxiety of Chinese university students
Interactional context and willingness to communicate
Heritage language anxiety and majority language anxiety among Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands
Language anxiety in the immigrant context
The effects of Hakka bilingual programs on learning interests for kindergarteners
Bilingual/multilingual learners’ willingness to communicate in and anxiety on speaking Chinese and their associations with self-rated proficiency in Chinese
Academic Outcome, Anxiety and Attitudes in Early and Late Immersion in Ireland
Motivation and attitudes of Polish students learning Hebrew
Willingness to Communicate in English
A Sociocognitive Perspective on Second Language Classroom Willingness to Communicate
The Influence of Attitudes and Affect on Willingness to Communicate and Second Language Communication
Dynamic emergence of situational willingness to communicate in a second language
Implementation and evaluation of computer‐aided Mandarin phonemes training system for hearing‐impaired students
Unlocking communication in EMI classrooms
Learning the Language of a New Country
The Best and the Worst
Exploring EFL Teachers’ Socioaffective and Pedagogic Strategies and Students’ Willingness to Communicate with a Focus on Iranian Culture
Transitioning from Communicative Competence to Multimodal and Intercultural Competencies
Effects of Trait Emotional Intelligence and Sociobiographical Variables on Communicative Anxiety and Foreign Language Anxiety Among Adult Multilinguals
Research on language teaching and learning
Predicting roles of linguistic confidence, integrative motivation and second language proficiency on cross-cultural adaptation
Prioritization of critical individual factors influencing willingness to communicate
Acculturation in relation to the acquisition of a second language
Sociodemographic, Psychological and Politicocultural Correlates in Flemish Students' Attitudes towards French and English
The relationship between second language competence and willingness to communicate
Informal digital learning of English and L2 willingness to communicate
The role of grit and enjoyment in EFL learners’ willingness to communicate in Saudi Arabia and Morocco
Revisiting willingness to communicate in English as a foreign language
Examining the relationship between language and cross-cultural encounters
Willingness to communicate, demographic variables, and oral proficiency among adult learners of Chinese
Willingness to communicate in a multilingual context
Development and validation of an instructional willingness to communicate questionnaire
Bilingual behaviour, attitudes, identity and vitality
Willingness to Communicate Orally
How important is studying languages for undergraduate students and why (not) study languages
Language Learning Motivation
Measures of communication‐bound anxiety
Reliability and validity of the willingness to communicate scale
Ethnicity, Contact and Communicative Competence in a Second Language11The author is grateful to Dr. R. C. Gardner for his comments on a draft of this paper.
Willingness to Communicate
Gender research and education
Methods and Results in the Study of Anxiety and Language Learning
The unwillingness‐to‐communicate scale
Motivation in second and foreign language learning
Interaction of Individuals in Reconstituted Groups
Measuring Human Relations
Motivational variables in second-language acquisition
On the Measurement of Affective Variables in Second Language Learning
In a different voice
Conceptualizing Willingness to Communicate in a L2
Conceptualizing Motivation in Foreign-Language Learning
Biases in Self-Ratings of Second Language Proficiency
Orientations in Second Language Acquisition
Personality, Attitudes, and Affect as Predictors of Second Language Communication
Oral Communication Apprehension
The Measurement of Verbal Predispositions
| Unique citing works | 117 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,36 |
| Citation span | 2001 - 2026 (26) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 124 |