Reconstructing the past
Some cognitive consequences of person perception
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6202965 |
|---|---|
| Authors | M Snyder (0000-0002-3351-8215, University of Minnesota), Seymour W Uranowitz |
| Year | 1978 |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Pages | 941-950 |
| Publication date | 1978-09-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037//0022-3514.36.9.941 |
| OpenAlex | W4248159372 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 164 |
| References cited | 21 |
An experiment was conducted to investigate systematic retrospective distortions of past events precipitated by one's current beliefs about another individual. Participants read an extensive narrative about the life of a woman named Betty K. Either immediately after reading the case history or 1 week later, some participants learned that she was currently living a lesbian life-style; others learned that she was currently living a heterosexual life-style; still others learned nothing about her life-style. The impact of this new information on recognition memory for factual events in Betty K.'s life was assessed 1 week after reading the case history. Participants selectively affirmed events that supported and bolstered their current interpretations of Betty K. Performance was the same whether participants learned this information immediately after reading the case history or 1 week later. Additional evidence suggests that these results are best characterized as the product of an interaction between stereotyped beliefs about sexuality and genuine memory for factual events. Implications of these findings for the nature, function, and consequences of social knowledge are discussed
Cognition · Cognitive psychology · Perception · Social cognition · Social perception · Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy · Identity, Memory, and Therapy · Memory Processes and Influences · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
On the functional orgins of essentialism
Prime suspect
Mass Media Impact on Voter Response to Women Candidates
Development of Visual Memory
Social Psychological Theories on Social Inequalities
Experiments on story comprehension and recall∗
The Self-Perpetuating National Self-Image
Sources of Pro-Family Beliefs
Judgment of covariation by social perceivers
Social cognition and object relations
Hindsight
Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information
Heuristics and biases
How we know-and sometimes misjudge-what others know
The Abductivist Reply to Skepticism
Illusory correlation in the perception of groups
Illusory correlation and the maintenance of stereotypic beliefs
Repeated testing
Stereotype biases
Sex-stereotypic encoding and release from proactive interference
Thinking backward
The role of typical diagnosticity in stereotype-based judgments
Effects of self-esteem, hypothetical explanations, and verbalization of expectancies on future performance
Person stereotypes and memory for people
A Meta-Analytic Review of Family Structure Stereotypes
Learning together and apart
Realism and the Epistemological Significance of Inference to the Best Explanation
Biographical evidence and the development of outstanding individuals
Cladistic analysis of molecular and morphological data
Recollecting Events Associated with Victimization
La valeur des informations
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations
Paleoanthropology and the Foundation of Ethics
A Cognitive -Attributional Analysis of Stereotyping1
Confirming Relevance
Relation of implicit theories to the construction of personal histories.
Human cognition in its social context.
Assessment of covariation by humans and animals
Person memory
The role of language in emotion
The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line.
Personality traits and the eye of the beholder
Biased Assimilation of Sociopolitical Arguments
Managerial and Organizational Cognition
Expanding the Dimensions of Epistemic Cognition
Stigma, Prejudice, and Violence Against Lesbians and Gay Men
Under what conditions does theory obstruct research progress?
Sexual Stigma
Biased Assimilation, Attitude Polarization, and Affect in Reactions to Stereotype-Relevant Scientific Information
Prototypes in Person Perception
Rethinking the Link Between Categorization and Prejudice Within the Social Cognition Perspective
The Puzzle of Continuing Group Inequality
Confirmation Bias
Confirmation, Heuristics, and Explanatory Reasoning
Prediction and Explanation in Historical Natural Science
Simplicity in the Best Systems Account of Laws of Nature
Quantitative Parsimony and Explanatory Power
The Historical Turn in the Study of Adaptation
Model Organisms are Not (Theoretical) Models
Convergence as Evidence
Recollecting Events Associated With Victimization
Toward Parsimony in Bias Research
Self-Verifying Depression in Retrospect
Future thinking about social targets
Stereotypes as Shared Beliefs
Political Advertisements, Political Cognition and Political Communication
Does medics' social identification increase handicap for mentally retarded patients
Individual differences in reverse Hindsight bias
A Promising Measure of Sex Bias
Through the Looking Glass
Nonverbal Gendered Cues as Accurate Signals of Sexual Orientation
The influence of sex-role stereotypes on prose recall
I and thou
Black Identity
Applying a Cognitive-Processing Model to Presidential Debate Effects
Strategy and issue frames in election campaign coverage
Reaching Out to the Bureaucracy and Beyond
A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes
Social Categorization
Recent Research on Selective Exposure to Information
Creating Scientific Controversies
The dark side of self- and social perception
A Schematic Processing Model of Sex Typing and Stereotyping in Children
Consumer Learning
The Influence of Sex Roles on Judgment
Dimensions of Consumer Expertise
Part-whole science
Putting inference to the best explanation in its place
Live empirical issues in debates over objectivity in the social sciences
Narratives, mechanisms and progress in historical science
Are individuals' reputations related to their history of behavior
The effect of attitude on the recall of personal histories
Organizational and retrieval processes in person memory
When reality monitoring fails
Do I see only what I expect? Evidence for an expectancy-guided retrieval model
Social explanation
Person categories and social perception
The complexity–extremity effect and age-based stereotyping
Effect of schema-incongruent information on memory for stereotypical attributes
Person memory
Labeling deviant behavior
Remembering
Sexual Conduct
Genesis of popular but erroneous psychodiagnostic observations.
Remembrance of things parsed
Contextual prerequisites for understanding
Semantic integration of verbal information into a visual memory.
Sentence memory
Reconstruction of automobile destruction
Illusory correlation as an obstacle to the use of valid psychodiagnostic signs.
From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception
Leading questions and the eyewitness report
Cognitive structures in comprehension and memory of narrative discourse
The psychology of interpersonal relations.
Attributed intentions and informational selectivity
Traits as prototypes
Correlational bias in observer ratings
Some Experiments Relating to Bartlett's Theory of Remembering
What do you do when the control group doesn't fit into the factorial design
Psychological Test Data on Female Homosexuality
Societal Reaction to Deviant Behavior
| Unique citing works | 162 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 3,42 |
| Citation span | 1978 - 2024 (47) |
| Citation velocity | recent |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 135 |