Skip to main content

ETHNOS_APP

Home • Search • Journals • List 0

Perceived superiority in close relationships

Why it exists and persists

Bibliographic Data

ID6205486
AuthorsCaryl E Rusbult (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, corresponding author), Paul A M Van Lange (0000-0001-7774-6984, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Tim Wildschut (0000-0002-6499-5487, University of Amsterdam), Nancy A Yovetich (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Julie Verette (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill)
Year2000
Volume79
Issue4
Pages521-545
Publication date2000-01-01
Peer ReviewedYes
Open AccessNo
TypeARTICLE
VenueJournal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL)
Journal identifiersISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315
PublisherAmerican Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER)
DOI10.1037//0022-3514.79.4.521
PMID11045737
OpenAlexW4230757711
LanguageEN
Citations received75
References cited66

Two studies used a thought-listing technique to examine perceived superiority, or the inclination to regard one's own relationship as better than (and not as bad as) others' relationships. Consistent with the claim that this is a motivated phenomenon-and motivated in part by strong commitment-Study 1 revealed that (a) tendencies toward perceived superiority and (b) the commitment-superiority link are both strongest given psychologically threatening instructions and weakest given accuracy instructions (control instructions are intermediate). Consistent with the claim that this phenomenon serves a functional purpose, Study 2 revealed that earlier perceived superiority predicts later relationship status (persisted vs. ended) and increases over time in dyadic adjustment. Also, commitment accounts for unique variance in perceived superiority beyond self-esteem

Cognitive psychology · Empirical research · Epistemology · Illusion · Illusion of control · Optimism · Perception · Phenomenon · Variance (accounting · Attachment and Relationship Dynamics · Behavioral Health and Interventions · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology

  • Mood and judgment in a dyadic stress context

    Open Access•Megan R Goldring, Niall Bolger•Emotion•2021

  • Empathic accuracy and accommodative behavior among newly married couples

    Open Access•Shelley Dean Kilpatrick, Victor L Bissonnette et al.•Personal Relationships•2002

  • Avengees' perspectives on revenge

    Open Access•D Boon, Susan D Boon et al.•Personal Relationships•2016

  • Exploratory Analysis of Factors Associated with Participation in Self-Directed and Traditional Marriage and Relationship Education

    Shelece Mcallister, Stephen Farr Duncan et al.•Marriage & Family Review•2013

  • Through the eyes of love

    Garth J O Fletcher, Patrick S G Kerr et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2010

  • You are so beautiful…to me

    Brittany C Solomon, Simine Vazire•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • The forecast model of relationship commitment

    Open Access•Edward P Lemay•Journal of Personality and Social…•2016

  • Balancing the need to be “me” with the need to be “we”

    Erica B Slotter, Caitlin W Duffy et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2014

  • History of Social Psychology

    Open Access•Lee Ross, Mark R Lepper et al.•Handbook of Social Psychology•2010

  • Close Relationships

    Open Access•Margaret S Clark, Edward P Lemay•Handbook of Social Psychology•2010

  • Interdependence, Interaction, and Relationships

    Caryl E Rusbult, Paul A M Van Lange•Annual Review of Psychology•2003

  • The Investment Model of Commitment Processes

    Caryl E Rusbult, Christopher R Agnew et al.•Handbook of theories of social…•2012

  • The Psychology of Close Relationships

    E J Finkel, Jeffry A Simpson et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•2017

  • Bias and Accuracy in Close Relationships

    Open Access•Faby M Gagné, John E Lydon•Personality and Social Psychology…•2004

  • Investigation of Consensually Nonmonogamous Relationships

    Open Access•Terri D Conley, Jes L Matsick et al.•Perspectives on Psychological…•2017

  • The Ups and Downs of Being Us

    Open Access•Sabrina Thai, Penelope Lockwood et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•2022

  • Selectively Myopic? Self-Esteem and Attentional Bias in Response to Potential Relationship Threats

    Open Access•Veronica M Lamarche, Sandra L Murray•Social Psychological and…•2014

  • To “See” Is to Feel Grateful? A Quasi-Signal Detection Analysis of Romantic Partners’ Sacrifices

    Open Access•Mariko L Visserman, Emily A Impett et al.•Social Psychological and…•2019

  • Taking Stock of Reality

    Open Access•Mariko L Visserman, Francesca Righetti et al.•Social Psychological and…•2021

  • Motivated Happiness

    Open Access•Sean P Wojcik, Peter H Ditto•Social Psychological and…•2014

  • Positive and Negative Relationship Evaluation Processes as Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction

    Open Access•Justin T Buckingham, Krystyna Griswold et al.•Interpersona An International…•2023

  • In the Pursuit of Science

    Open Access•E J Finkel•Personal Relationships•2010

  • Committed to succeed

    Open Access•Sabrina Thai, Penelope Lockwood et al.•Personal Relationships•2020

  • Loving or loathing? A power‐dependency explanation for narcissists' social acceptance in the workplace

    Open Access•Erica Xu, Xu Huang et al.•Journal of Organizational Behavior•2022

  • Religiosity, Marital Quality and Couple Generativity in Italian Couples Belonging to a Catholic Spiritual Association

    Open Access•Miriam Parise, Fabiana Maria Gatti et al.•Journal of Religion and Health•2017

  • Love Online

    Open Access•Aaron Ben-Ze'Ev, Aaron Ben‐ze’ev•Love Online•2004

  • The truth and bias model of judgment

    Tessa V West, D A Kenny•Psychological Review•2011

  • So far away from one's partner, yet so close to romantic alternatives

    C Nathan Dewall, Nathaniel M Lambert et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2011

  • To have and to hold

    Amie M Gordon, Emily A Impett et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Relational mate value

    Paul W Eastwick, Lucy L Hunt•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • Projection of responsiveness to needs and the construction of satisfying communal relationships

    Edward P Lemay, Margaret S Clark et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • Commitment insurance

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2009

  • Putting the brakes on aggression toward a romantic partner

    Erica B Slotter, E J Finkel et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2012

  • Pursuing interpersonal value

    Open Access•Edward P Lemay, Joshua Everett Ryan et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2021

  • Accuracy and bias in self-perceptions of responsive behavior

    Edward P Lemay•Journal of Personality and Social…•2014

  • The impact of negative moods on self-enhancing cognitions

    Cathy Mcfarland, Roger Buehler et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2007

  • The independent contributions of social reward and threat perceptions to romantic commitment

    J Gere, Geoff Macdonald et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2013

  • The Relational-Interdependent Self-Construal and Positive Illusions in Friendship

    Helen C Boucher•Self and Identity•2013

  • Insofar as You Can Be Part of Me

    Claudia Manzi, Miriam Parise et al.•Self and Identity•2015

  • Blood, Sweat, and Tears

    Jonathan D Cohen, Blaine J Fowers•Journal of Divorce & Remarriage•2004

  • The Hubris Hypothesis

    Open Access•Vera Hoorens, Mario Pandelaere et al.•Journal of Personality•2012

  • Perceiving and Wanting to Be Valued by Others

    Open Access•Edward P Lemay, Kerry Spongberg•Journal of Personality•2015

  • Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution

    Open Access•Benjamin Le, Natalie Dove et al.•Personal Relationships•2010

  • Self‐concept clarity and relationship satisfaction at the dyadic level

    Open Access•Miriam Parise, Ariela F Pagani et al.•Personal Relationships•2019

  • When Harry and Sally met Dick and Jane

    Open Access•Richard B Slatcher•Personal Relationships•2010

  • Predicting dating relationship fate with insiders’ and outsiders’ perspectives

    Open Access•Timothy J Loving•Personal Relationships•2006

  • Deconstructing the association between relationship maintenance and commitment

    Open Access•Brian Ogolsky, Brian G Ogolsky•Personal Relationships•2009

  • From bad to worse

    Open Access•Ximena B Arriaga, Elizabeth S Slaughterbeck et al.•Personal Relationships•2007

  • “Date nights” take two

    Open Access•Yuthika U Girme, Nickola C Overall et al.•Personal Relationships•2014

  • Substituting the forest for the trees

    Christopher R Agnew, Timothy J Loving et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2001

  • Idealization and Disillusionment in Intimate Relationships

    Open Access•Niehui, Sylvia Niehuis et al.•Journal of Family Theory & Review•2011

  • Let's Do What Together?!” Shared Activity Perceptions and Relationship Closeness

    Nancy E Frye, Nancy Frye•Leisure Sciences•2018

  • Personality perceptions and relationship satisfaction in couples

    Katrin Furler, Veronica Gomez et al.•Journal of Research in Personality•2014

  • Toward a more complete understanding of the reciprocity of liking effect

    Open Access•R Matthew Montoya, Chester A Insko•European Journal of Social…•2008

  • Back to caring after being hurt

    Open Access•Johan C Karremans, Paul A M Van Lange•European Journal of Social…•2004

  • The relationship superiority effect is moderated by the relationship context

    Open Access•H T Reis, Peter A Caprariello et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•2010

  • When rejection stings

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2002

  • Putting the Partner Within Reach

    Sandra L Murray, Paul Rose et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2005

  • Once hurt, twice hurtful

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • When forgiving enhances psychological well-being

    Johan C Karremans, Paul A M Van Lange et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•2003

  • Optimizing assurance

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Psychological Bulletin•2006

  • Marital idealization as an enduring buffer to distress among spouses of persons with Alzheimer disease

    Open Access•Norm O’rourke, Norm O''Rourke et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2011

  • Ready (for love) or not? Self and other perceptions of commitment readiness and associations with attachment orientations

    Open Access•Hyewon Yang, Rebekka Weidmann et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2025

  • Biased first impressions yield positive illusions that facilitate friendship initiation

    Open Access•Lisa R Baker, Raini N Sizemore et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2025

  • The wandering eye perceives more threats

    Open Access•Angela M Neal, Edward P Lemay•Journal of Social and Personal…•2019

  • Accurate and biased perceptions of partner's conflict behaviors shape emotional experience

    Open Access•Rachel B Venaglia, Edward P Lemay•Journal of Social and Personal…•2019

  • Phone presence and relationship quality

    Open Access•Jennifer L Heyman, Lauren J Human•Journal of Social and Personal…•2024

  • Idealization, reunions, and stability in long-distance dating relationships

    Open Access•Laura Stafford, Andy J Merolla•Journal of Social and Personal…•2007

  • Positive marital illusions and culture

    Open Access•Blaine J Fowers, Hürol Fışıloğlu et al.•Journal of Social and Personal…•2008

  • Trait Expressiveness and Marital Satisfaction

    Open Access•Paul J E Miller, Paul J Miller et al.•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2003

  • The Unbearable Lightness of Positive Illusions

    Open Access•Blaine J Fowers, Marla Reis Veingrad et al.•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2002

  • The case for (promoting) marriage

    Open Access•Ted L Huston, Heidi Melz•Journal of Marriage and the Family•2004

  • Playing the Field

    Kristina M Durante, Ashley Rae Arsena et al.•Journal of Consumer Research•2015

  • Handbook of Personal Relationships

    Steve Duck•Handbook of Personal Relationships•1996

  • Handbook of Social Psychology

    Daniel Todd Gilbert, Gardner Lindzey et al.•Handbook of Social Psychology•2012

  • Advances In Experimental Social Psychology

    Bertram Gawronski•Advances in Experimental Social…•2022

  • Referential Comparisons, Relational Comparisons, and Exchange Orientation

    Open Access•Bram P Buunk, Nico W Van Yperen•Personality and Social Psychology…•1991

  • On Being Better but not Smarter than Others

    Scott T Allison, David M Messick et al.•Social Cognition•1989

  • Lay Epistemic Theory in Social-Cognitive Psychology

    Arie W Kruglanski•Psychological Inquiry•1990

  • A Leap of Faith? Positive Illusions in Romantic Relationships

    Open Access•Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Personality and Social Psychology…•1997

  • The Optimal Margin of Illusion

    Roy F Baumeister•Journal of Social and Clinical…•1989

  • Hierarchical linear models

    Anthony S Bryk, Stephen W Raudenbush•Hierarchical linear models•2002

  • Ambiguity and Self-Evaluation

    Open Access•David Dunning, Judith A Meyerowitz et al.•Heuristics and biases•2002

  • Expectancies and Interpersonal Processes

    David T Miller, William D Turnbull et al.•Annual Review of Psychology•1986

  • The Investment Model Scale

    Open Access•Caryl E Rusbult, John M Martz et al.•Personal Relationships•1998

  • Being better than others but otherwise perfectly normal

    Open Access•Paul A M Van Lange, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Personal Relationships•1999

  • Positive illusion in close relationships

    Open Access•John M Martz, Julie Verette et al.•Personal Relationships•1998

  • Level of commitment, mutuality of commitment, and couple well‐being

    Open Access•Stephen M Drigotas, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Personal Relationships•1999

  • Impact of attachment style on reactions to accommodative dilemmas in close relationships

    Open Access•O Gaine, Stanley O Gaines et al.•Personal Relationships•1997

  • Negativity and extremity biases in impression formation

    John J Skowronski, Donal E Carlston•Psychological Bulletin•1989

  • Attributional style in depression

    Paul D Sweeney, Paul Sweeney et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Attributional style in depression

    Paul D Sweeney, Paul Sweeney et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • The Dissolution of Intimate Relationships

    D Felmlee, Sprecher et al.•Social Psychology Quarterly•1990

  • Attention and weight in person perception

    Susan T Fiske•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • Close partner as sculptor of the ideal self

    Stephen M Drigotas, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Why we are fairer than others

    Open Access•David M Messick, Suzanne Bloom et al.•Journal of Experimental Social…•1985

  • Adjustment to threatening events

    Shelley E Taylor•American Psychologist•1983

  • The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research

    Reuben M Baron, D A Kenny•Journal of Personality and Social…•1986

  • Resisting temptation

    Dennis J Johnson, Caryl E Rusbult•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Cognitive interdependence

    Christopher R Agnew, Paul A M Van Lange et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1998

  • A longitudinal test of the investment model

    Caryl E Rusbult•Journal of Personality and Social…•1983

  • Two-component models of socially desirable responding

    Delroy L Paulhus•Journal of Personality and Social…•1984

  • Global self-evaluation as determined by the desirability and controllability of trait adjectives

    Mark D Alicke•Journal of Personality and Social…•1985

  • Inattentive and contented

    Rowland S Miller•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • Interpersonal attraction in exchange and communal relationships

    Margaret S Clark, Judson Mills•Journal of Personality and Social…•1979

  • The benefits of positive illusions

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • The self-fulfilling nature of positive illusions in romantic relationships

    Sandra L Murray, John G Holmes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1996

  • Seeing virtues in faults

    Sandra L Murray, Susan Murray et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1993

  • When the head protects the heart

    Jeffry A Simpson, William Ickes et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Social comparison in adjustment to breast cancer

    Joanne V Wood, Shelley E Taylor et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1985

  • Perceiving one's own traits and others

    Gerald N Sande, George R Goethals et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1988

  • Ambiguity and self-evaluation

    David Dunning, Judith A Meyerowitz et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1989

  • Commitment, pro-relationship behavior, and trust in close relationships

    Jennifer Wieselquist, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1999

  • Unrealistic optimism about future life events

    Neil D Weinstein•Journal of Personality and Social…•1980

  • Willingness to sacrifice in close relationships

    Paul A M Van Lange, Caryl E Rusbult et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1997

  • Accommodation processes in close relationships

    Caryl E Rusbult, Julie Verette et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1991

  • Idiosyncratic trait definitions

    David Dunning, Rory O''Brien Mcelwee et al.•Journal of Personality and Social…•1995

  • Self-reports

    Norbert Schwarz•American Psychologist•1999

  • The case for motivated reasoning

    Ziva Kunda•Psychological Bulletin•1990

  • Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes

    Joanne V Wood•Psychological Bulletin•1989

  • Illusion and well-being

    Shelley E Taylor, J D Brown•Psychological Bulletin•1988

  • Do positive illusions foster mental health? An examination of the Taylor and Brown formulation

    C Randall Colvin, Jack Block•Psychological Bulletin•1994

  • Commitment Processes in Close Relationships

    Open Access•Caryl E Rusbult, Bram P Buunk•Journal of Social and Personal…•1993

  • Measuring Dyadic Adjustment

    Graham B Spanier•Journal of Marriage and the Family•1976

Unique citing works73
Citations per year3
Citation span2001 - 2025 (25)
Citation velocityrecent
Highly citedNo
Citation typesNeutral: 67

Tools

Open DOISci-HubOpen Access
Ethnos_APP • Open Source Project • MIT License • Frontend v2.0.0 • Privacy and Cookies • API Documentation: api.ethnos.app/docs • API Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17049435 • Frontend Source Code: GitHub • DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17050053 • cruz.rio.br • Expectantes Misericordiae