Emotional Substrates of White Racial Attitudes
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6231245 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Antoine J Banks (0000-0003-4655-7376, University of Maryland, College Park), Nicholas A Valentino (0000-0001-6767-4841, University of Michigan) |
| Year | 2012 |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Pages | 286-297 |
| Publication date | 2012-04-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | American Journal of Political Science (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0092-5853 • E-ISSN: 1540-5907 |
| Publisher | Wiley (PUBLISHER • GB) |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2011.00561.x |
| OpenAlex | W2138930611 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 109 |
| References cited | 37 |
A steep decline in biologically based racial animus over the past four decades has not led to a softening of opposition to race‐conscious policies such as affirmative action. One explanation for this is that a new racial belief system—referred to as symbolic racism or racial resentment—has replaced “old‐fashioned racism.” Another is that nonracial values such as ideology and a preference for small government now drive policy opinions. Our theory suggests that whereas disgust once accompanied ideas about “biologically inferior” groups, anger has become fused to conservative ideas about race in the contemporary period. As a result, anger now serves as the primary emotional trigger of whites’ negative racial attitudes. We experimentally induce disgust, anger, or fear using an apolitical task and find anger is uniquely powerful at boosting opposition to racially redistributive policies among white racial conservatives. Nonracial attitudes such as ideology and small government preference are not activated by any of these negative emotions
Anger · Disgust · Ideology · Mainstream · Opposition (politics · Political science · Politics · Racism · Resentment · Sociology · Emotions and Moral Behavior · Gender Studies · Law · Psychology · Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
The Schematic State
American Rage
The Mediating Role of Emotions
The Intersectional Anger Gap
From old-fashioned to offensive racism
Anger versus fear about crime
Unspoken Politics
The Logic of Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Africa
The limits of appraisals theory for political emotions
Bread, Butter, and Bias
The Effect of White Social Prejudice on Support for American Democracy
Black hope floats
Using Twitter to Study Public Discourse in the Wake of Judicial Decisions
White privilege, white grievance, and the limitations of white antiracism
When #BlackLivesMatter at the Women’s March
Racial conservatism, self-monitoring, and perceptions of police violence
Nasty women and bad hombres
Discord Over DNA
Nothing to fear? Anxiety, numeracy, and demographic perceptions
Anxiety Reduces Empathy Toward Outgroup Members But Not Ingroup Members
Cross-Sample Comparisons and External Validity
Revisiting the determinants of far-right violence
Stereotyped Identification
Trumping the equality norm? Presidential tweets and revealed racial attitudes
The Politics of Contagion
Race and the 2012 Election
Anger, legacies of violence, and group conflict
Scientific supremacy
Does President Trump's Outrageous Behavior Work
The Relevance of Emotions in Presidential Public Appeals
Does land renting-in reduce grain production? Evidence from rural China
Racial Attitudes and Criminal Justice Policy
Did Perception of the Economy Affect Attitudes to Immigration at the 2010 British General Election
Are guns the new dog whistle? Gun control, racial resentment, and vote choice
How identity influences public attitudes towards the US federal government
The White Racial Affect Scale (WRAS)
The (Not So) Angry Black Woman
The Anger Gap
The affective style of politics
Group Entitlement, Anger and Participation in Intergroup Violence
How Transparency Affects Survey Responses
Symbolic Racism and Emotional Responses to the 2012 Presidential Candidates
System Justification and Affective Responses to Terrorism
Emotional Responses to the Charlie Hebdo Attacks
Not all emotions are the same
Assessing Political Brand Equity in Policy
Terrorist events, emotional reactions, and political participation
Racial Sympathy and Its Political Consequences
Disgust Sensitivity and Public Demand for Protection
Populist Psychology
Anes Scales Often Do Not Measure What You Think They Measure
Guilt by Association
Priming under Fire
Reassessing the Effects of Emotions on Turnout
The Return of Old-Fashioned Racism to White Americans’ Partisan Preferences in the Early Obama Era
Is Clientelism (Only) for the Poor? Insights on Class and Clientelism from a Survey Experiment in Lebanon
Beyond anger and fear
Racialized Campaign Ads
Mobilizing Sexism
The Anxious and Ambivalent Partisan
Fear and Loathing
Racializing Gender
That Woman from Michigan
Hostile Sexism, Benevolent Sexism, and American Elections
Minority Groups and Judicial Legitimacy
Fear and Implicit Racism
Applying the Theory of Affective Intelligence to Support for Authoritarian Policies and Parties
How Emotional Frames Moralize and Polarize Political Attitudes
How Emotional Are Populists Really? Factors Explaining Emotional Appeals in the Communication of Political Parties
Anger Mediates the Effects of Fear on Support for the Far Right—A Rejoinder
Challenged Expectations
Fear, Anger, and Voting for the Far Right
Toward Conflict or Compromise? How Violent Metaphors Polarize Partisan Issue Attitudes
How Disgust Influences Health Purity Attitudes
E Pluribus Whom? The Limitations of American Identity in Reducing Racial Conflict
Black Politics
Racial Resentment and Whites’ Gun Policy Preferences in Contemporary America
Fear and Anger in Great Britain
Are Group Cues Necessary? How Anger Makes Ethnocentrism Among Whites a Stronger Predictor of Racial and Immigration Policy Opinions
The Gag Reflex
Anger and Declining Trust in Government in the American Electorate
The Public’s Anger
Did that Scare You? Tips on Creating Emotion in Experimental Subjects
How Much Should We Trust Estimates from Multiplicative Interaction Models? Simple Tools to Improve Empirical Practice
Inverting the Lens
Widespread, but also popular? Exploring attitudes to diversity policies
Emotions, governmental trust and support for the restriction of civil liberties during the covid‐19 pandemic
The Economy is Rigged
Racial Attitudes and Vote Choice in National Canadian Elections
Understanding the Role of Racism in Contemporary US Public Opinion
Preference Change in Competitive Political Environments
Disgust, Anxiety, and Political Learning in the Face of Threat
Arguing for a Negligible Effect
The Emotional Foundations of Political Support
Tell Us How You Feel
Fear, Institutionalized Racism, and Empathy
Anti-elite politics and emotional reactions to socio-economic problems
Anger and Political Conflict Dynamics
Racial attitudes & political cross-pressures in nationalized elections
Ideological Identification, Type of Threat, and Differences in How Anger and Fear Relate to Anti-Immigrant and Populist Attitudes
Southern politics in State and Nation
Racialized politics
The Black image in the white mind
Dirty Politics
Voting Hopes or Fears?
Emotion And Adaptation
A perspective on disgust.
Prejudice From Thin Air
Racial attitudes in America
Symbolic Racism
An American Dilemma
The Race Card
Portrait of the angry decision maker
Reflections on American Racism
Symbolic Racism
Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Mood and memory
Facial expression and emotion
Terror and Ethnocentrism
Is a Worried Citizen a Good Citizen? Emotions, Political Information Seeking, and Learning via the Internet
On Assessing the Political Effects of Racial Prejudice
Threat, Anxiety, and Support of Antiterrorism Policies
Old Times There Are Not Forgotten
The Bias map
On the fading of social stereotypes
Intergroup emotions
The origins of symbolic racism
Patterns of cognitive appraisal in emotion
Fear, anger, and risk
Prejudice and politics
Perceptions of Racial Group Competition
Racial stereotypes of one hundred college students
The development of stereotypes concerning the Negro
Cues that Matter
| Unique citing works | 109 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 8,38 |
| Citation span | 2013 - 2026 (14) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 109 |