"The "self digest
Self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6203317 |
|---|---|
| Authors | E Tory Higgins (0000-0003-4157-8207, Columbia University, corresponding author) |
| Year | 1996 |
| Volume | 71 |
| Issue | 6 |
| Pages | 1062-1083 |
| Publication date | 1996-12-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1062 |
| PMID | 8979379 |
| OpenAlex | W2154291984 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 146 |
| References cited | 65 |
Self-knowledge is conceptualized as a self digest that summarizes one's relations to the world and the personal consequences of these relations. It is a handy sourcebook that serves self-regulatory functions. It is distinguished from the classic notion that self-knowledge contains one descriptive actual self. The self digest contains information about three kinds of actual selves that differ in self-regulatory function: (a) an instrumental self, (b) an expectant self, and (c) a monitored self. It represents not only the actual self but desired (and undesired) selves that reflect different kinds of self-regulatory focus (i.e., promotion or prevention). It represents not only one's own standpoint but also the standpoint of others whose beliefs one is motivated to take into account. This self-regulatory perspective is used to reconsider self-esteem, self-enhancement, self-consistency, self-presentation, and cross-cultural differences in the self
Consistency (knowledge bases) · Creativity · Function (biology) · Perspective (graphical) · Promotion (chess) · Regulatory focus theory · Self · Self-concept · Self-disclosure · Self-enhancement · Self-knowledge · Computer Science · Cultural Differences and Values · Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction · Psychology · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology · Social Psychology
Variety of Possible Selves
An index of self-regulation of emotion and the study of repression in social contexts that threaten or do not threaten self-concept
Extending Identity Theory to Predict Differential Forms and Degrees of Psychological Distress
Talking the Talk
Repressors' Appraisals of Emotional Stimuli in Threatening and Nonthreatening Positive Emotional Contexts
Morality and a Sense of Self
Self-control and Self-consciousness
Means-Ends Spirituality Questionnaire
Testing a social-cognitive model of moral behavior
Changing theories of change
Representations of the self in the near and distant future
Balancing connectedness and self-protection goals in close relationships
Anxious uncertainty and reactive approach motivation (RAM)
Satiated with belongingness? Effects of acceptance, rejection, and task framing on self-regulatory performance
Conceptualizing psychological processes in response to globalization
Meta-stereotype activation
Reinterpreting the empathy–altruism relationship
Reactive approach motivation (RAM) for religion
Free‐Response Self‐Discrepancies Across, Among, and Within FFM Personality Dimensions
Nonconscious Behavioral Confirmation Processes
Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood
On the nature and importance of cultural tightness-looseness.
The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system.
The Internal Structure of Language Learning Motivation and Its Relationship with Language Choice and Learning Effort
Cultural Prototypes and Dimensions of Honor
Climato-economic habitats support patterns of human needs, stresses, and freedoms
The stability of individual response styles.
The Cognitive-Affective-Social Theory of Learning in digital Environments (CASTLE)
An Emotional Process Theory of How Subordinates Appraise, Experience, and Respond to Abusive Supervision Over Time
The What, How, Why, and Where of Self-Construal
Social Perception of Rape
The Psychological Self as Actor, Agent, and Author
Letting Go and Moving On
Changing Faces
Understanding the Dynamics of Leadership
Self, Identity, and the Natural Environment
Longitudinal Improvement of Self-Regulation Through Practice
Academic Buoyancy
The identity function of autobiographical memory
Adaptability
The Dynamic Nature of Cultural Identity Throughout Cultural Transitions
The relational self
Personality
Regulatory Focus and Strategic Inclinations
A possible selves intervention to enhance school involvement
Social Exclusion and Selective Memory
The Psychology of Rituals
Gender differences in social anxiety disorder
Dialogical Self Mapping
Pain and Preferences
Disentangling the Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and Ethics
Conflicts in Decision Making
Race, Race-Based Discrimination, and Health Outcomes Among African Americans
Relations among Self-Talk, Self-Consciousness, and Self-Knowledge
Epistemic Violence in Research on Eldercare
Development and Cross-Cultural Validation of a Measure of Career Exploration and Decision-Making Outcome Expectations
Stability of self-standards
Feeling Guilty and Entitled
Low Self-Concept Clarity Inhibits Self-Control
No laughing matter
Embodying the Market
How to capture leader's vision articulation? Development and validation of the Vision Articulation Questionnaire (VAQ)
The Merits of Goal Support as a Self-Control Strategy
CSR initiative characteristics and employee engagement
Self‐protective reactions to peer abusive supervision
The role of regulatory fit in visionary leadership
Context matters
Investigating the negative-cognitive-triad-hypothesis of news choice in Germany and South Korea
Social Perception of Rape Victims in Dating and Married Relationships
Socio-dynamic motivating through idealizing classmates
From EFL to EMI
Identity-Processing Style, Psychosocial Resources, and Adolescents' Perceptions of Parent-Adolescent Relations
Language learning motivation and projected desire
Last night I had the strangest dream
Narrative approach to understand people’s comprehension of acquaintance rape
Exploring motivating factors among Iranian medical and nursing ESP language learners
Friendship and Gender in Cultural-Psychological Perspective
The Medieval Concept of the Self in Anglo-Saxon England
Beyond Cause to Consequence
Ego Depletion and Self-Control Failure
The Life-Course Dynamics of Goal Pursuit and Goal Adjustment
Examining the longitudinal association of parental attachment with self-control among adolescents
Motivated decision making
Bad is Stronger than Good
Using Virtual Reality to Explore Self-Regulation in High-Risk Settings
Reward Choices
Retracted Article
The Identity Dynamics Questionnaire (IDQ)
Fractals, Vigilance, and Adolescent Diabetes Management
Self‐Respect and Pro‐Relationship Behavior in Marital Relationships
Reciprocal feedback between self‐concept and goal pursuit in daily life
Psychosocial Stages and the Accessibility of Autobiographical Memories Across the Life Cycle
The Why's the Limit
Neuroticism and the Architecture of the Self
Yes, But Are They Happy? Effects of Trait Self‐Control on Affective Well‐Being and Life Satisfaction
Contextualized Self‐Representations in Adulthood
The Stories We Keep
Self‐Regulation and Personality
Costs and satisfaction in close relationships
When does performance feedback prompt complementarity in romantic relationships
The Self and social life
Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends
Readings in Social Psychology
Impression management
Handbook of motivation and cognition
Self-Esteem
Handbook of Social Psychology
The growth of logical thinking
Social Cognition and the Acquisition of Self
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Self-perception
The cultural construction of self and emotion
A theory of cognitive development
The Dynamic Self-Concept
Stress
The Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Control of Attributions about the Self Through Self-handicapping Strategies
Self-discrepancy
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
The psychology of interpersonal relations.
The Concept of Mind
An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict
Personality, Cognition and Social Interaction
Handbook of Social Cognition
Self‐Presentational Motivations and Personality Differences in Self‐Esteem
Continuities and Discontinuities in Self‐Regulatory and Self‐Evaluative Processes
Explaining the Oedipus conflict
Impression management
A Review of Theory and Research on Miller's Response Competition (Conflict) Models
Moral Development and Behavior
Plans and the Structure of Behavior
Self-concept change and self-presentation
Socializing procedures in parent–child and friendship relations during adolescence
A developmental study of learned helplessness
Development of self-recognition in the infant
Cybernetics
Relating self-discrepancy to self-esteem
Effects of household sex composition on the salience of one's gender in the spontaneous self-concept
The course of cognitive growth
The totalitarian ego
Categories and Concepts
Responses to evaluation as a function of initial self-perceptions
The undesired self
Emotional responses to goal attainment
Interpersonal Processes Involving Impression Regulation and Management
Culture and the self
Human Nature and the Social Order
Compliance, identification, and internalization three processes of attitude change
Self-related problems beyond the self-concept
Salient private audiences and awareness of the self
Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process
Ideal versus ought predilections for approach and avoidance distinct self-regulatory systems
Self-esteem and clarity of the self-concept
Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment
Self-esteem as an interpersonal monitor
Developmental analysis of interpersonal behavior
The self-concept revisited
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts
Theory and research concerning social comparisons of personal attributes
Illusion and well-being
A self-presentational view of social phenomena
Adolescents' Daily Experience with Family and Friends
The Self-Concept
Role-Taking, Role Standpoint, and Reference-Group Behavior
| Unique citing works | 146 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 5,03 |
| Citation span | 1997 - 2026 (30) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 125 |