Secure and Defensive High Self-Esteem
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 6207053 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Christian H Jordan (0000-0001-8517-439X, University of Waterloo), J Spencer (0000-0002-1732-5261, University of Waterloo), Steven J Spencer, Mark P Zanna (University of Waterloo), Etsuko Hoshino-Browne, Etsuko Hoshino‐Browne (0000-0002-0034-6963, University of Waterloo), Joshua Correll (0000-0003-1142-459X, University of Waterloo) |
| Year | 2003 |
| Volume | 85 |
| Issue | 5 |
| Pages | 969-978 |
| Publication date | 2003-01-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | No |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 0022-3514 • E-ISSN: 1939-1315 |
| Publisher | American Psychological Association (APA) (PUBLISHER) |
| DOI | 10.1037/0022-3514.85.5.969 |
| PMID | 14599258 |
| OpenAlex | W2064776065 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 158 |
| References cited | 53 |
Long-standing theories have suggested high self-esteem (SE) can assume qualitatively different forms that are related to defensiveness. The authors explored whether some high-SE individuals are particularly defensive because they harbor negative self-feelings at less conscious levels, indicated by low implicit SE. In Study 1, participants high in explicit SE but low in implicit SE showed the highest levels of narcissism--an indicator of defensiveness. In Studies 2 and 3, the correspondence between implicit and explicit SE predicted defensive behavior (in-group bias in Study 2 and dissonance reduction in Study 3), such that for high explicit-SE participants, those with relatively low implicit SE behaved more defensively. These results are consistent with the idea that high SE can be relatively secure or defensive
Cognitive dissonance · Developmental psychology · Feeling · Implicit attitude · Implicit personality theory · Narcissism · Personality · Self-esteem · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior · Personality Traits and Psychology · Psychology · Social and Intergroup Psychology · Social Psychology
Childhood maltreatment, shame, and self-esteem
Conceptual and empirical strengths of the authentic/hubristic model of pride
Are narcissists hardy or vulnerable? The role of narcissism in the production of stress-related biomarkers in response to emotional distress
Revisiting Black Americans’ self-protective strategies
Empowering Sustainability
Self‐Worth and Politics
Implicit self-esteem
Sublimation, culture, and creativity
The dual lens model
Intuition and the correspondence between implicit and explicit self-esteem
Religion, repulsion, and reaction formation
Jealousy and the threatened self
A diary study of implicit self-esteem, interpersonal interactions and alcohol consumption in college students
Self-esteem development across the life span
The Mismeasure of the Self
The evolution of misbelief
Genetics of Personality
High Self-Esteem
History of Social Psychology
Self and Identity
Implicit Social Cognition
Pathways for Positive Identity Construction at Work
The evolution and psychology of self-deception
Crimes of the Past
Self‐Compassion, Self‐Esteem, and Well‐Being
The Narcissism Spectrum Model
A Sociocultural Approach to Narcissism
Untangling the Links between Narcissism and Self‐esteem
On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism
Impulsivity and the Self-Defeating Behavior of Narcissists
Implicit Social Cognition
Sexual Orientation Identity and Romantic Relationship Quality in Same-Sex Couples
Interdependent Happiness
Arrogance, Anger and Debate
Making Sense of Chinese Employees’ Suicidal Ideation
How Narcissistic Employees Respond to Abusive Supervision
Implicit Self-Attitudes Predict Spontaneous Affect in Daily Life
Masculinidad y autopercepción en el siglo XIX
Exploring the profiles of aggressive behavior among college students
Attention and memory biases for aggressive information in college students with fragile high self‐esteem
Family of origin and the view of life values of college students
The impact of problematic mobile phone use on loneliness among college students in the digital intelligence era
A multidimensional model of collective narcissism
Inhibiting Self-Protection in Romantic Relationships
The Interactive Role of Implicit and Explicit Partner Evaluations on Ongoing Affective and Behavioral Romantic Realities
The Development of Implicit Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood
Motivated Happiness
Validating Measures of Leader Authenticity
Mirror, mirror on the wall, tell me that I have succeeded at it all
Collective narcissism and anti-Semitism in Poland
Personality and Perpetration
Gender Differences in Narcissism and Courtship Violence in Dating Couples
Parent–Child Proximity
Collective Narcissism
Implicit Measures in Social and Personality Psychology
The Psychology of Self‐defense
The person in the purchase
Puffed-up but shaky selves
Blowing in the (social) wind
Mental habits
Self-esteem moderates neuroendocrine and psychological responses to interpersonal rejection
The cost of lower self-esteem
Balancing connectedness and self-protection goals in close relationships
Anxious uncertainty and reactive approach motivation (RAM)
Terror management theory and self-esteem revisited
Collective narcissism and its social consequences
The Different Relationships Between Mobile Phone Dependence and Adolescents' Scientific and Artistic Creativity
Perfectionism and explicit self-esteem
Mixed Aspirations
When apologies fail
Fixated on rejection
Narcissism and Task Persistence
Autonomy and control motivation and self-esteem
College education and motherhood as components of self-concept
Evaluating the temporal structure and correlates of daily self-esteem using a trait state error framework (TSE)
Drinking to belong
Implicit Attitudes Toward the Self Over Time
Rotten to the core
Worldview Accommodation
How Do Individuals with Fragile High Self-esteem Cope with Intrusive Thoughts Following Ego Threat
Effect of Self-awareness on Negative Affect Among Individuals with Discrepant Low Self-esteem
Narcissistic Fragility
Attitude Accessibility as a Moderator of Implicit and Explicit Self-esteem Correspondence
Fragile Self-esteem and the Interpersonal Circumplex
Hypervigilance to self-threat
Authentic and Hubristic Pride
Unmasking Narcissus
The mask of zeal
The Puzzle of High Self-esteem Among Ethnic Minorities
How implicit self-esteem influences perceptions of self-esteem at zero and non-zero acquaintance
Workplace Spirituality and Psychosocial Safety Climate
The influence of explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem and the discrepancies between them on advice taking
Trait Self‐Esteem Moderates the Effect of Initiator Status on Emotional and Cognitive Responses to Romantic Relationship Dissolution
Predictive models of implicit and explicit attitudes
The mediating role of preference for online interactions in the relationship between self-knowledge and problematic use of social networks
Outwardly strong but inwardly weak, pretensions to wealth? Exploring the impact of heterogeneous high self-esteem on materialism in a self-threat situation
Discrepancies Between Implicit and Explicit Self‐Esteem
Narcissism and Discrepancy Between Self and Friends' Perceptions of P ersonality
En Route to Depression
Personality Reflected in a Coherent Idiosyncratic Interplay of Intra‐ and Interpersonal Self‐Regulatory Processes
Self-Esteem
Handbook of Social Psychology
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Dual-Process Models in Social and Cognitive Psychology
Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression
Human Autonomy
Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events
Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis
Narcissism and Self-Evaluation Maintenance
Implicit social cognition
The Psychology of Self-Affirmation
Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations
Measurement and Control of Response Bias
An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict
A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
Measuring Global Self-Esteem
A model of dual attitudes
Self-esteem and the effects of success and failure feedback on performance1
Narcissism, Self‐Esteem, and Defensive Self‐Enhancement
Self-Enhancement Tendencies Among People With High Explicit Self-Esteem
Fairness or discrimination in intergroup behaviour? a reply to Branthwaite, Doyle and Lightbown
A Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Social categorization and intergroup behaviour
Using the Implicit Association Test to measure self-esteem and self-concept
The Automatic Evaluation Effect
Inducing Hypocrisy to Reduce Prejudicial Responses among Aversive Racists
Factors in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Narcissistic Personalities
Handbook of social psychology
What's in a name
Effects of self-esteem, perceived performance, and choice on causal attributions
Stalking the perfect measure of implicit self-esteem
Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others
Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition
Overly positive self-evaluations and personality
Interpersonal and intrapsychic adaptiveness of trait self-enhancement
Subjective well-being
Introduction and overview of language events in Canada
The effectiveness of "overheard" persuasive communications
Performance expectancy as a determinant of actual performance
Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives
A method for determining types of self-esteem
| Unique citing works | 158 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,87 |
| Citation span | 2003 - 2026 (24) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | Yes |
| Citation types | Neutral: 144 |