Race, Poverty, and Exclusionary School Security
An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Elementary, Middle, and High Schools
Bibliographic Data
| ID | 23355406 |
|---|---|
| Authors | Aaron Kupchik (0000-0001-9241-6510, University of Delaware, corresponding author), Geoff Ward (0000-0003-1620-5214, University of California, Irvine) |
| Year | 2014 |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 4 |
| Pages | 332-354 |
| Publication date | 2014-10-01 |
| Peer Reviewed | Yes |
| Open Access | Yes |
| Type | ARTICLE |
| Venue | Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice (JOURNAL) |
| Journal identifiers | ISSN: 1541-2040 • E-ISSN: 1556-9330 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications (PUBLISHER • US) |
| DOI | 10.1177/1541204013503890 |
| OpenAlex | W2331636428 |
| Language | EN |
| Citations received | 68 |
| References cited | 52 |
As violence and crime within and around U.S. schools has drawn increased attention to school security, police, surveillance cameras, and other measures have grown commonplace at public schools. Social scientists commonly voice concern that exclusionary security measures are most common in schools attended by poor and non-White students, yet there is little empirical basis for assessing the extent of differential exposure, as we lack research on how exclusionary measures are distributed relative to school and student characteristics. To address this gap in the research, we use nationally representative school-level data from the School Survey on Crime and Safety to consider the security measures employed in elementary, middle, and high schools. Results indicate that while security measures are ubiquitous in U.S. high schools, those considered more exclusionary are concentrated in elementary, middle, and high schools attended by non-White and/or poorer students.
Criminology · Differential (mechanical device) · Environmental health · Poison control · Political science · Poverty · Suicide prevention · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression · Education Discipline and Inequality · Engineering · Gun Ownership and Violence Research · Human Factors and Ergonomics · Medicine · Psychology
The Collateral Consequences of “Criminalized” School Punishment on Disadvantaged Parents and Families
School Suspensions and Adverse Experiences in Adulthood
School characteristics associated with active shooter drill implementation
Implementing virtual restorative practices community-building circles during the early stages and ongoing Covid-19 pandemic
Policy as Punishment and Distraction
Schools' tendency towards security
Understanding the Anti-Carceral Possibility of School-Based Restorative Justice
Black Women’s Mothering Practices in the Canadian Racial State
A Systematic Literature Review of Educational Leadership and U.S. School Shootings
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in School Discipline
Minority Threat in Schools and Differential Security Manifestations
Policing the school
Recent developments in school social control
Should Schools Replace Exclusionary Punishments With Therapy? Gender, Race, and Class Inequalities and School-Based Mental Health Services
From “wait ‘em out” to push them out
Broken windows” discipline and racial disparities in school punishment
American-Made Child Soldiers
Toward radical belonging
Two nations underground
Challenging the stereotype that minority segregated schools are unsafe
Thresholds of Trust
Violence in urban schools
The Paradox of Constrained Well‐being
Patrolling Public Schools
School Copaganda in the US South
Investigating the Effects of Commonly Implemented School Safety Strategies on School Social Work Practitioners in the United States
Racial Sentiment and Public Support for Arming Teachers with Guns in the United States
Perceptions of Armed School Police
Segregation, Securitization, and Bullying
Fear of a Black (and Poor) School
Net-Widening in Schools
An exploration of the relationship between school poverty rates and students’ perceptions of empowerment
Drivers of human development
Exclusionary Discipline Policies, School-Police Partnerships, Surveillance Technologies and Disproportionality
The 1994 Gun-Free Schools Act
They're just, like, there”
School Security Measures and Longitudinal Trends in Adolescents’ Experiences of Victimization
Visible School Security Measures and Student Academic Performance, Attendance, and Postsecondary Aspirations
The Overwhelming Need
An intersectional perspective on the intergenerational transmission of trauma and state‐perpetrated violence
School Discipline and Racial Disparities in Early Adulthood
A Researcher–Practitioner Agenda for Studying and Supporting Youth Reentering School After Involvement in the Juvenile Justice System
Potential Racial Threat on Student In-School Suspensions in Segregated U.S. Neighborhoods
School Safety or School Criminalization? The Typical day of A School Resource Officer in the United States
Carceral Care in Kentucky
Schooling as a Formative Political Experience
They Slow Me Down
Race Differences in Youths' Attitudes Toward Arming Teachers
Cops on Campus
Exclusionary School Discipline and Neighborhood Crime
Empowerment in a Controlling Place
Value in diversity
Historic Lynching and Corporal Punishment in Contemporary Southern Schools
Protecting the Flock or Policing the Sheep? Differences in School Resource Officers' Perceptions of Threats by School Racial Composition
The Usual, Racialized, Suspects
He did that because I was Black
Latino/a Student Threat and School Disciplinary Policies and Practices
A Downward Spiral? Childhood Suspension and the Path to Juvenile Arrest
The Social Structure of Criminalized and Medicalized School Discipline
Security, Surveillance, Segregation, and Suspensions
Punishment and Racial Segregation of Schools
The Search for Social Justice in School-Based Crime and Delinquency Prevention
Decriminalizing or reassembling schools? Implications of removing police from schools for racial and ethnic disparities in criminal justice system contact
Organized abandonment under racial capitalism
Does Race Matter
Wicked Overseers
In Search of a Safe School
The Role of Science in Reducing Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Juvenile Justice System
Savage inequalities
The urban school
Maximum Security
Deadly Symbiosis
Schools and Delinquency
Judging School Discipline
Police in the Hallways
The Perils of Federalism
Homeroom Security
Bad Boys
School Climate Predictors of School Disorder
Who Will Graduate? Disruption of High School Education by Arrest and Court Involvement
School shootings, the media, and public fear
Discipline and Punish
Visions of social control
The Politics of Imprisonment
Governing Through Crime
The Exclusive Society
The school-to-prison pipeline
Failure to Hold
Things are tough all over
Students’ reaction to classroom discipline in Australia, Israel, and China
Dynamics of parent involvement at a multicultural school
The New American School
Criminal justice involvement and high school completion
School—Police Partnership Effectiveness in Urban Schools
The Social Sources of Americans' Punitiveness
Controlling Other People's Children
Modeling the Effects of Racial Threat on Punitive and Restorative School Discipline Practices
Reproduction in education, society, and culture
Public School Search Policies and the “Politics of Sin
Seeing Black
The Race to Punish in American Schools
Preparing for prison
Schools Under Surveillance
Working Class without Work
Racial Threat and Punitive School Discipline
Getting Rid of Troublemakers
Tuck in that Shirt!' Race, Class, Gender, and Discipline in an Urban School
Inequality, Segregation, and the Overrepresentation of African Americans in School Suspensions
Racial Mismatch and School Type
School Size, Social Capital, and Student Victimization
When Race Matters
The Long Arm of the Law
Immigration, Schools, and Violence
| Unique citing works | 68 |
|---|---|
| Citations per year | 6,18 |
| Citation span | 2015 - 2026 (12) |
| Citation velocity | current |
| Highly cited | No |
| Citation types | Neutral: 67 |